Effects of an Intervention Program Based on Job Crafting Behaviors on the Work Engagement of Teachers [Efectos de un programa de intervención basado en los comportamientos de rediseño del trabajo sobre el engagement laboral de profesores]
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5944/ap.16.2.25669Palabras clave:
Programa de intervención, Compor¬tamientos de rediseño en el trabajo, Engagement en el trabajo, Modelo JD-R, Profesores [Intervention program, Job crafting behaviors, Work engagement, JD-R model, Teachers]Resumen
Resumen
Los estudios han puesto de relieve que es posible potenciar el engagement en el trabajo mediante intervenciones que buscan aumentar los recursos que el empleado posee y disminuir sus demandas laborales. El objetivo es evaluar la eficacia de un programa de intervención basado en los comportamientos de rediseño del trabajo en el engagement laboral de profesores. La muestra estaba integrada por 82 profesores brasileños de educación pública dividida en dos grupos. El grupo de intervención se realizó con 41 profesores de ambos sexos (81 % femenino) y el grupo de comparación también con 41 profesores de ambos sexos (79.1 % del sexo femenino). Al final de la intervención, las puntuaciones de los participantes del grupo de intervención, en las escalas de engagament en el trabajo y de comportamientos de rediseño, excedieron significativamente las puntuaciones del grupo de comparación. Los hallazgos encontrados recomiendan la implementación de programas de intervención basados en los comportamientos de rediseño que concienticen los docentes más de sus demandas y de sus recursos como forma de aumentar su engagament con el trabajo.
Abstract
Research has evidenced that interventions to increase employees’ resources and decrease their work demands can enhance their work engagement. Objective assess the efficacy of an intervention program based on job crafting behaviors on the job crafting behaviors and work engagement of teachers. The sample consisted of 82 public education teachers divided in two groups. The intervention group consisted of 41 male and female teachers (81 % female), while the comparison group also consisted of 41 male and female teachers (79.1 % female). At the end of the intervention, the scores of the participants in the intervention group on the work engagement and job crafting behaviors scales were significantly higher than the scores in the comparison group. The findings recommend the implementation of intervention programs based on the job crafting behaviors, enhancing the teachers’ awareness of their demands and resources as a way to increase their work engagement.
Descargas
Citas
Bakker, A. B., Albrecht, S. L. (2018). Work Engagement: Current Trends. Career Development International, 23, 4¬–11. https://doi.org/10.1108/CDI-11-2017-0207
Bakker, A. B. & Demerouti, E. (2014). Job Demands-Resources Theory. In P. Y. Chen & C. L. Cooper (Eds.), Wellbeing: A complete reference guide. Work and wellbeing (pp. 37–64). Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118539415.wbwell019
Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Sanz-Vergel, A. I. (2014). Burnout and Work Engagement: The JD-R Approach. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1, 389–411. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091235
Bakker, A. B., Rodriguez-Muñoz, & Vergel, A. I. S. (2016). Modelling Job Crafting Behaviours: Implications for Work Engagement. Human Relations, 69, 169–189. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726715581690
Bakker, A. B. & Woerkom, M. V. (2018). Strengths Use in Organizations: A Positive Approach of Occupational Health. Canadian Psychology, 59, 38–46. https://doi.org/10.1037/cap0000120
Beer, L. T., Tims, M., & Bakker, A. B. (2016). Job Crafting and its Impact on Work Engagement and Job Satisfaction in Mining and Manufacturing. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 19, 400–412. https://doi.org/10.17159/2222-3436/2016/v19n3a7
Berg, J. M., Dutton, J. E., & Wrzesniewski, A. (2013). Job Crafting and Meaningful Work. In D. J. Dik, Z. S. Byrne, & M. S. Steger (Eds.), Purpose and Meaning in the Workplace (pp. 81–104). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/14183-005
Bipp, T. & Demerouti, E. (2015). Which Employees Craft their Jobs and how? Basic Dimensions of Personality and Employees’ Job Crafting Behavior. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 88, 631–655. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12089
Cummings, T. & Worley, C. (2014). Organization Development and Change (10th ed). Stanford, CT: Cengage Learning
Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., & Gevers, J. M. P. (2015). Job Crafting and Extra-role Behavior: The Role of Work Engagement and Flourishing. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 91, 87–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2015.09.001
Garrick, A., Mak, A. S., Cathcart, S., Winwood, P. C., Bakker, A. B, & Lushington, K. (2017). Teachers’ priorities for change in Australian schools to support staff well-being. Asia-Pacific Educational Research, 26, 117–126. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-017-0332-7
Gordon, H. J., Demerouti, E., & Le Blanc, P. M. (2015). Job Crafting and Performance of Dutch and American Health Care. Journal of Personnel Psychology, 4, 192–202. https://doi.org/10.1027/1866-5888/a000138
Gordon, H. J., Demerouti, E., Le Blanc, P. M., Bakker, A. B., Bipp, T., & Verhagen, M. A. (2018). Individual Job Redesign: Job Crafting Interventions in Healthcare. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 104, 98–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.07.002
Grant, A. M. & Parker, S. K. (2009). Redesigning Work Design Theories: The Rise of Relational and Proactive Perspectives. The Academy of Management Annals, 3, 317–375. Retrieved from http://www.emits.group.shef.ac.uk/blog/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/GrantParker_WorkDesign-Annals.pdf
Klassen, R. M., Yederlen, S., & Durksen, T. L. (2013). Measuring Teacher Engagement: Development of the Engaged Teachers Scale. Frontline Learning Research, 2, 33–52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-012-0166-x
Leana, C., Appelbaum, E., & Shevchuc, I. (2009). Work Process and Quality of Care in Early Childhood Education: The Role of Job Crafting. Academy of Management Journal, 52, 169–1192. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2009.47084651
Lu, C., Wang, H., Lu, J., Du, D., & Bakker, A. B. (2014). Does Work Engagement Increase Person-job Fit?: The Role of Job Crafting and Job Insecurity. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 84, 142–152. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jvb.2013.12.004
Lyons, P. (2008). The Crafting of Jobs and Individual Differences. Journal of Business and Psychology, 23, 25–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-008-9080-2
Mäkikangas, A., Bakker, A. B., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2017). Antecedents of Daily Team Job Crafting. European Journal of Work & Organizational Psychology, 26, 421–433. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2017.1289920
Ouweneel, E., Le Blanc, P. M., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2013). An Online Positive Psychology Intervention to Promote Positive Emotions, Self-Efficacy, and Engagement at Work. Career Development International, 18, 173–196. https://doi.org/10.1108/CDI-10-2012-0102
Parker, P. D., Martim, A. J., Colmar, S., & Lien, G. A. (2012). Teachers’ Workplace Well-being: Exploring a Process Model of Goal Orientation, Coping Behavior, Engagement, and Burnout. Teaching and Teacher Education, 28, 503–513.
Petrou, P., Bakker, A. B., & Van den Heuvel, M. (2017). Weekly Job Crafting and Leisure Crafting: Implications for Meaning-Making and Work Engagement. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 90, 129–152. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12160
Petrou, P., Demerouti, E., Peeters, M. C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Hetland, J. (2012). Crafting a Job on a Daily Basis: Contextual Correlates and the Link to Work Engagement. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 33, 1120–1141. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1783
Rai, A. (2018) "Job Crafting Intervention: Fostering Individual Job Redesign for Sustainable Organisation", Industrial and Commercial Training, 4, 200–208, https://doi.org/10.1108/ICT-11-2017-0089
Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., Romá-Gonzalez, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The Measurement of Engagement and Burnout: A two Sample Confirmatory Factor Analytic Approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3, 71–92. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:101563093
Tims, M., Bakker, A. B., & Derks, D. (2012). Development and Validation of the Job Crafting Scale. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(1), 173–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2011.05.009
Van Wingerden, J., Derks, D., & Bakker, A.B. (2016). The Longitudinal Impact of a Job Crafting Intervention. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 3, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2016.1224233
Van Wingerden, J., Derks, D., & Bakker, A.B. (2017). The impact of personal resources and job crafting interventions on work engagement and performance. Human Resources Management, 56, 51–67. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21758
Van Wingerden, J., Derks, D., Bakker, A. B., & Dorenbosch, L. (2013). Job crafting in schools for special education: A qualitative analysis. Gedrag & Organisatie, 26, 85–103. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285958823_Job_craftng_in_schools_for_special_education_A_qualitative_analysis
Xanthopoulou, D., Bakker, A . B., Demerouti, E., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2009). Reciprocal relationships between job resources, personal resources, and work engagement. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 74, 235–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2008.11.003
