El consumo de sustancias como factor de riesgo para la conducta delictiva: Una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5944/ap.14.2.20748Palabras clave:
delincuencia, consumo de sustancias, factores de riesgo, revisión sistemática, delinquency, substance use, risk factors, systematic reviewResumen
Resumen
La delincuencia es un problema social que merece el estudio de sus causas para su prevención. A lo largo de la historia, se ha estudiado la asociación entre el consumo de sustancias y el crimen, aunque esta relación no está clara. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo conocer los últimos hallazgos relativos a la consideración del consumo como factor de riesgo para el delito. Se trata de una Revisión Sistemática de trabajos empíricos concernientes al estudio del consumo como posible factor de riesgo de desarrollo de conductas delictivas, publicados entre 2010 y 2015, en español, inglés y portugués. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en Scopus, PsycINFO, Medline y Psicodoc, se incluyeron treinta y dos estudios que se revisaron con una lista de comprobación de calidad de artículos epidemiológicos. Como resultados se indica que la mayoría de los trabajos incluidos se centraban en el consumo de alcohol, de cannabis o el policonsumo, y casi un 80 % coinciden en que el consumo representa un factor de riesgo en el desarrollo de ciertas tipologías delictivas. Como conclusión, conocer este factor de riesgo, podría utilizarse como medio de prevención. Finalmente, se destaca la posibilidad de sesgo de información.
Abstract
Delinquency is a social problem that deserves study to be prevented. Throughout history, the association between substance abuse and crime has been studied, although this relationship is unclear. The main aim of this paper is to present the latest findings concerning the consideration of substance use as a risk factor for crime. This paper is a systematic review of empirical studies regarding the study of substance as a possible risk factor for the development of criminal conduct, published between 2010 and 2015, in Spanish, English and Portuguese. A systematic search at Scopus, PsycINFO, Medline and Psicodoc was carried out, including a total of thirty-two studies reviewed with a checklist of the quality of epidemiological papers. The majority of papers focused on alcohol, cannabis or poly-drug use, and almost 80% agree that consumption is a risk factor for the development of criminal behavior and some types of crimes. This review concludes that the knowledge that consumption represents a risk factor could be used as a means of prevention. The possibility of information bias limitation is highlighted.
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