Sexist stereotypes in the Spanish speaking press: A collocational analysis of the lemmas man and woman

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5944/rhd.vol.7.2022.34108

Keywords:

Language, collocation analysis, graphs, discourse in the press, gender, stereotypes

Abstract

This study investigates the often subtle and at times blatant presence of misogynistic language in our daily lives. This study queried the News on the Web (NOW) corpus to conduct an appraisal of the collocational behavior of the lemmas woman and man. Furthermore, by using network graphs, we expand the analysis of collocations beyond traditional corpus approaches which helped provide lexical evidence of stereotypical constructions. This work also intends to promote the use of techniques and tools from corpus linguistics in the digital humanities. The collocational profile drawn up based on corpus evidence shows that man collocated more strongly with adjectives related to mental sharpness, sexuality, and fertility whereas woman patterned with adjectives related to health, marital status, and religious affiliations.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Alochis, I. (2016). La representación de la violencia sexual contra las mujeres y las niñas en el léxico y en la construcción discursiva de las noticas en un estudio de caso en la prensa gráfica de Córdoba. Coloquio interdisciplinario internacional “Educación sexualidades y relaciones de género”. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina. https://rdu.unc.edu.ar/bitstream/handle/11086/20777/EJE_2.pdf

Anthony, L. (2005). AntConc: A Learner and Classroom Friendly, Multi-Platform Corpus Analysis Toolkit. Proc. IWLeL 2004: An Interactive Workshop on Language e-Learning, 7-13. Waseda University.

Anthony, L. (2022). TagAnt (2.0.4) [All OS]. Waseda University. http://www.laurenceanthony.net/

Baker, P. (2010a). Representations of Islam in British broadsheet and tabloid newspapers 1999-2005. Journal of Language and Politics, 9(2), 310-338.

Baker, P. (2010b). Will Ms ever be as frequent as Mr? A corpus-based comparison of gendered terms across four diachronic corpora of British English. Gender and Language, 4(1), 125-149. https://doi.org/10.1558/genl.v4i1.125

Baker, P. (2012). Corpora and Gender Studies. In K. Hyland, C. Meng Huat, & M. Handford (Eds.), Corpus Applications in Applied Linguistics (pp. 100-116). Bloomsbury Publishing. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781472541611.ch-007

Baker, P., Gabrielatos, C., & McEnery, T. (2013). Discourse analysis and media attitudes: The representation of Islam in the British Press. Cambridge University Press.

Bakhtin, M. M. (1981). The Dialogic Imagination: Four essays. University of Texas Press.

Barlow, M. (1999). MonoConc 1.5 and ParaConc. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 4(1), 173-184. https://doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.4.1.09bar

Bastian, M., Heymann, S., & Jacomy, M. (2009). Gephi: An Open Source Software for Exploring and Manipulating Networks. Proc. International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media, 361-362.

Bednarek, M. (2016). Voices and Values in the News: News Media Talk, News Values and ttribution. Discourse, Context and Media, 11, 27-37.

Biber, D. (2011). Corpus Linguistics and the Study of Literature: Back to the Future? Scientific Study of Literature, 1(1), 15-23.

Brezina, V. (2018). Statistics in Corpus Linguistics: A Practical Guide. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316410899

Caldas-Coulthard, Carmen. R., & Moon, R. (2010). ‘Curvy, hunky, kinky’: Using Corpora as Tools for Critical Analysis. Discourse & Society, 21(2), 99-133. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926509353843

Castillo, María N. (2019). ¿Qué se dice de la mujer y el hombre en el español de Chile?: studio exploratorio de las combinaciones frecuentes de los vocablos mujer y hombre en un corpus de referencia estratificado. Boletín de filología, 54(1), 95-117.

Coates, J. (2015). Women, Men and Language: A Sociolinguistic Account of Gender Differences in Language. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315645612

General Law on Women's Access to a Life Free from Violence (2007). https://www.diputados.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/pdf/LGAMVLV.pdf

Davis, M. (2020). Corpus of News on the Web (NOW). Available online at https://www.english-corpora.org/now/

Dixon, R. M. W. (2010). Where have all the adjectives gone? And other essays in semantics and syntax. De Gruyter Mouton. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110822939

Duby, G., & Perrot, M. (Eds.). (1992). A History of Women in the West (Vol. 1). Harvard University Press.

Evert, S. (2008). Corpora and Collocations. In A. Lüdeling & M. Kytö (Eds.), Corpus Linguistics: An International Handbook (pp. 1212-1248). W. de Gruyter.

Fellbaum, C. (1998). WordNet: An Electronic Lexical Database Cambridge. MIT press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/7287.001.0001

Flowerdew, J., & Richardson, J. E. (Eds.). (2017). The Routledge Handbook of Critical Discourse Analysis. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315739342

Fraisse, G., & Perrot, M. (Eds.). (1993). Historia de las mujeres en Occidente. Tomo 4. El siglo XIX. Taurus.

Gregory, I., Donaldson, C., Murrieta-Flores, P., & Rayson, P. (2015). Geoparsing, GIS and Textual Analysis: Current Developments in Spatial Humanities Research. International Journal of Humani­ties and Arts Computing, 9(1), 1-14.

Hardie, A. (2020). CQPweb [Computer Software]. Available from http://cwb.sourceforge.net/index.php

Kendall, S, & Tannen, D. (2015) Discourse and Gender. In D. Schifrin, D. Tannen, & H. Hamilton (Eds.), The Handbook of Discourse Analysis (pp. 639-660). Wiley Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118584194.ch30

Kilgarriff, A. (2020). Sketch Engine [Computer Software]. https://www.sketchengine.eu/

Klapisch-Zuber, C. (Ed.). (1992). Historia de las mujeres en Occidente. Tomo 2. La Edad Media. Taurus.

Laviosa, S. (2002). Corpus-based translation studies: Theory, findings, applications. Rodopi.

Litosseliti, L. (2014). Gender and Language Theory and Practice. Routledge.

Manning, C. D., & Schütze, H. (1999). Foundations of Statistical Natural Language Processing. MIT Press.

Martin, J. R., & White, P. R. R. (2005). The Language of Evaluation: Appraisal in English. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230511910

Mautner, G. (2007). Mining Large Corpora for Social Information: The Case of Elderly. Language in Society, 36(1), 51-72. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404507070030

McEnery, A., & Baker, P. (2015). Corpora and Discourse Studies: Integrating Discourse and Corpora. Springer.

McEnery, T., & Baker, H. (2016). Corpus Linguistics and 17th-century Prostitution: Computational linguistics and history. Bloomsbury.

McEnery, T., & Hardie, A. (2011). Corpus Linguistics: Method, Theory and Practice. Cambridge University Press.

Montgomery, M. (2007). The Discourse of Broadcast News: A Linguistic Approach. Routledge.

Moon, R. (2014). From Gorgeous to Grumpy: Adjectives, Age, and Gender. Gender and Language, 8(1), 5-41. https://doi.org/10.1558/genl.v8i1.5

National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics. (2016a). Mortality Statistics. https://www.inegi.org.mx/temas/mortalidad/

National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics. (2016b). National Survey on the Dynamics of Relationships in Households. https://www.inegi.org.mx/programas/endireh/2016/

Nolte, M. I., Ancarno, C., & Jones, R. (2018). Inter-religious Relations in Yorubaland, Nigeria: Corpus Methods and Anthropological Survey Data. Corpora 13(1), 27-64.

Padró, L., & Stanilovsky, E. (2012). FreeLing 3.0: Towards Wider Multilinguality. Proceedings of the Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC 2012). http://nlp.lsi.upc.edu/freeling/node/1

Pearce, M. (2008). Investigating the Collocational Behavior of Man and Woman in the BNC Using Sketch Engine. Corpora, 3(1), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.3366/E174950320800004X

Romaine, S. (2000). Language in Society: An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. Oxford University Press.

Schmitt Pantel, P., & Pastor, R. (Eds.). (1991). Historia de las mujeres en Occidente. Tomo 1. La Antigüedad (Vol. 1). Taurus.

Scott, M. (1996). Wordsmith Tools. Oxford University Press.

Sigley, R., & Holmes, J. (2002). Looking at Girls in Corpora of English. Journal of English Linguistics, 30(2), 138-157. https://doi.org/10.1177/007242030002004

Thébaud, F. (Ed.). (1993). Historia de las mujeres en Occidente. Tomo 5. El siglo XX. Taurus.

Tribble, C. (2015). Teaching and language corpora: Perspectives from a personal journey. In A. Boulton & A. Leńko-Szymańska (Eds.), Multiple affordances of language corpora for data driven learning (pp. 57- 64). John Benjamin Publishing Company.

Tsvetkov, Y., Schneider, N., Hovy, D., Bhatia, A., Faruqui, M., & Dyer, C. (2014). ‘Augmenting English Adjective Senses with Supersenses’. Proc. the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC’14), European Language Resources Association (ELRA).

Van Leeuwen, T. (2013). The Representation of Social Actors. In C. R. Caldas-Coulthard, & M. Coulthard (Eds.), Texts and Practices: Readings in Critical Discourse Analysis (pp. 41-79). Routledge.

Weatherall, A. (2005). Gender, Language and Discourse. Routledge.

Zemon Davis, N., & Farge, A. (Eds.). (1992). Historia de las mujeres en Occidente. Tomo 3. Del Renacimiento a la Edad Moderna. Taurus.

Published

2022-11-03 — Updated on 2023-04-12

How to Cite

Castro Mosqueda, H., & Rodríguez Sánchez, I. . (2023). Sexist stereotypes in the Spanish speaking press: A collocational analysis of the lemmas man and woman. Revista de Humanidades Digitales, 7, 57–79. https://doi.org/10.5944/rhd.vol.7.2022.34108

Issue

Section

Artículos Académicos