Las interpretaciones arqueológicas y la aparición de fortificaciones en el período protohistórico de Corea (300 aC – 300 dC)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5944/etfi.10.2017.17502Palabras clave:
Fortificaciones, arquitectura militar, Asia, Corea, China, Fortifications, military architecture, Korea, China.Resumen
Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar arqueológicamente las fortificaciones del período protohistórico de Corea (300 aC – 300 dC), desde los terraplenes, empalizadas y fosos de los primeros núcleos de carácter urbano hasta posibles murallas de carácter fronterizo, en un momento clave en la evolución social, política, cultural y arquitectónica de la península, de transición de la aldea a la ciudad y de los cacicazgos tribales a las confederaciones de pequeñas ciudades-estado que acabarían formando los primeros reinos centralizados. Se tienen en consideración yacimientos amurallados del reino de Koguryo (en el norte), de las confederaciones tribales Samhan como las ciudades-estados de Wirye y Saro (en el sur), y de los distritos administrativos del imperio chino en corea (comandancias Han). Ante las turbias y polémicas interpretaciones nacionalistas de las diferentes tradiciones historiográficas del Asia Oriental (Corea, Japón y China), se defiende aquí el papel de la antigua civilización China como estímulo y origen de influencias avanzadas para el desarrollo de la arquitectura militar coreana, junto al urbanismo y a la organización de estructuras estatales, entre otros factores.
This article aims to analyze archaeologically the fortifications of the protohistoric period of Korea (300 BC – 300 AD), comprising the embankments, palisades and moats of the first urban centres as well as possible border walls, in a key moment in the social, political, cultural and architectonic evolution of the peninsula, of transition from villages to cities and from tribal chiefdoms to the confederation of small city-states that eventually formed the first centralized kingdoms. It is taken into account walled sites of the Koguryo kingdom (in the north), of the Samhan tribal confederations like the city-states of Wirye and Saro (in the south), and of the administrative districts of the Chinese empire in Korea (Han commanderies). Given the murky and controversial nationalist interpretations of the different East Asian historiographical traditions (Korea, Japan and China), we will try to situate within its context the emergence of the urban military architecture in the peninsula and the nearby area, considering the constructions undertaken both by Chinese authorities and by the first Korean confederacies. We will try to place the emergence of the urban military architecture of the peninsula and the nearby area within its context, considering the constructions undertaken both by Chinese authorities and by the first Korean confederacies.
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