SISTEMA MIXTO 1: UNA ESTRATEGIA LINGÜÍSTICA PARA FAMILIAS BILINGÜES
Palabras clave:
Family bilingualism, Family language policy, English-Spanish bilingualism, Bilingual families language strategies, Mixed language strategyResumen
Según estudios sobre bilingüismo familiar, a los padres que crían a sus hijos en dos idiomas por elección propia se les recomienda elegir una de estas dos estrategias lingüísticas principales: Una persona/padre, una lengua (UPUL) o Lengua minoritaria en el hogar (ml@h). Sin embargo, los resultados de una encuesta realizada por la autora a un grupo de 110 familias bilingües en inglés-español en Madrid mostraron que la segunda estrategia lingüística más popular después de UPUL es otra estrategia denominada aquí Sistema Mixto 1 (SM1). Por lo tanto, esta estrategia resulta de interés para explorarla en detalle, analizando las razones de su elección así como las implicaciones y consecuencias que suponen, tanto desde una perspectiva práctica como emocional, para los padres y los hijos. La investigación sobre el tema y un estudio de caso sobre un grupo de familias que usan este método en Madrid son los puntos principales de este artículo. Se diseñó un cuestionario para recoger información sobre esta estrategia lingüística y las respuestas confirmaron la efectividad del Sistema Mixto 1 como una estrategia alternativa en este contexto en particular.
According to the literature on family bilingualism, parents raising their children in two languages by choice are recommended to choose from one of these two main language strategies: either OPOL (One person/parent, one language) or ml@h (Minority Language at Home). However, the results of a previous study of English-Spanish bilingual families in Madrid (Ruiz Martín 2016) showed, through a survey, that the second most popular language strategy after OPOL is another strategy named here as MS1 (Mixed System 1). Therefore, this strategy proves to be interesting to explore in detail, looking at the reasons for its choice as well as the implications and consequences involved, both from a practical and an emotional perspective, for parents as well as for children. Research on the topic and a case study on the group of families that use this method in Madrid are the main points of this article. A questionnaire was designed in order to collect information about the strategy and the answers confirmed the effectiveness of MS1 as an alternative strategy in this particular context.
Descargas
Citas
Arnberg, L. (1987). Raising Children Bilingually: The Pre-School Years. Multilingual Matters, 27. Clevedon; Buffalo: Multilingual Matters.
Baker, C. (2007). A parents’ and teachers’ guide to bilingualism. Clevedon; Buffalo: Multilingual Matters.
Barron-Hauwaert, S. (2004). Language Strategies for Bilingual Families: The One-Parent- One-Language Approach. Clevedon; Buffalo: Multilingual Matters.
Barron-Hauwaert, S. (2011). Bilingual siblings: language use in families. Bristol; Buffalo: Multilingual Matters.
Cunningham, U. (2011). Growing up with Two Languages: A Practical Guide for the Bilingual Family. 1st edition 1999. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.
De Houwer, A. (2007). Parental Language Input Patterns and Children’s Bilingual Use. Applied Psycholinguistics, 28, 3, 411–424.
DOI: 10.1017.S0142716407070221
Goodz, N. S. (1994). Interactions between parents and children in bilingual families. In F. Genesee (Ed.) Educating Second Language Children: The whole child, the whole curriculum, the whole community, 61-81. Cambridge: Cambridge UP.
Gutiérrez–Clellen, V.F., and Kreiter, J. (2003). Understanding child bilingual acquisition using parent and teacher reports. Applied Psycholinguistics, 24, 267–288.
Lanza, E. (1997). Language Mixing in Infant Bilingualism: A Sociolinguistic Perspective. Oxford University Press.
Noguchi, M. G. (1996). The Bilingual Parent as Model for the Bilingual Child. Policy Science, 245, 61.
Pavlenko, A. (2004). Stop Doing That, Ia Komu Skazala!: Language Choice and Emotions in Parent/Child Communication. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 25, 2&3. [On-line] https://astro.temple.edu/~apavlenk/.../Pavlenko_JMMD_2004.pdf
Pavlenko, A. (2006). Bilingual selves. Bilingual Minds: Emotional Experience, Expression and Representation, 56, 1.
Pearson, B. Z. (2010) Bringing up baby. [On-line] http://www.umass.edu/aae/Pearson2010_linguist_magazine_OPOL.pdf
Piller, I. (2001). Private language planning: The best of both worlds?. Estudios de Sociolingüística, 2 (1), 61-80.
Romaine, S. (1995). Bilingualism. 2nd edition. Oxford, UK ; Cambridge, Mass., USA: Wiley-Blackwell.
Rosenback, R. (2014). Bringing up a Bilingual Child. UK: Filament Publishing Ltd.
Ruiz Martín, A. (2016). Language Strategies of English-Spanish Bilingual Families in Madrid. Unpublished manuscript.
Sánchez Torres, J. (2010). Aspectos de la planificación lingüística de familias bilingües español/inglés en Sevilla. Elia: Estudios de lingüística inglesa Aplicada, 10, 233–265.
Takeuchi, M. (2006). The Japanese Language Development of Children through the 'One Parent-One Language' Approach in Melbourne. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 27 (4), 319–331.
Thordardottir, E. (2011) The relationship between bilingual exposure and vocabulary development. International Journal of Bilingualism, 15 (4), 426-445. doi/abs/10.1177/1367006911403202
Tuominen, A. (1999). Who Decides the Home Language? A Look at Multilingual Families. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 140, 59-76. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijsl.1999.140.59
Vitale, A. (2011). Linguistic Attitudes and Use of Mother Tongue among Spanish Speakers in Japan. The Japan Journal of Multilingualism and Multiculturalism, 17 (1), 30-45. Retrieved from: http://www.academia.edu/9196641/Linguistic_Attitudes_and_Use_of_Mother_Tongue_among_Spanish_Speakers_in_Japan via @academia
Wei, L. (2011). Language policy and practice in multilingual, transnational families and beyond. Editorial. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 33 (1). http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2011.638507
Yamamoto, M. (2002). Language Use in Families with Parents of Different Native Languages: An Investigation of Japanese-Non-English and Japanese-English Families. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 23 (6), 531–554.
