Primeros conflictos ceremoniales en el reinado de Felipe V. La lucha de la grandeza por el acceso al monarca | First ceremonial conflicts in the reign of Felipe V. The struggle of greatness for access to the monarch

Resumen

La etiqueta borgoñona, implantada en España desde 1548, era inflexible y opresiva, pero conocida y respetada por toda la corte. Fijaba el ceremonial de todos los actos para cada persona incluido el monarca. Todos los derechos y privilegios estaban regulados y los principales beneficiarios eran los grandes. La etiqueta les aseguraba no solo la proximidad con el monarca, de la que se derivan innumerables beneficios y honores, sino también un papel político muy importante. Se puede decir que eran los dueños de la corte, y a diferencia de la francesa, la corte española se presentaba como una oligarquía de grandes (Bottineau, p.132).

Con la llegada de la dinastía borbón a España la etiqueta borgoñona no desapareció, pero se produjeron transformaciones muy importantes mediante pequeñas pero continuas disposiciones de clara influencia francesa en los distintos reglamentos que se dictaron y en los ceremoniales que se establecieron al gusto de la corte de Versalles.

Felipe V llegó al trono español bajo la tutela de su abuelo, el Rey Sol. Luis XIV consideraba que la decadencia de la monarquía española y la falta de autoridad del rey eran consecuencia de la etiqueta borgoñona, que propiciaba una excesiva invisibilidad que aislaba al monarca y le sometía a un encierro, vigilado por los grandes que aumentaba su poder sobre él. Consideraba que la única manera de restablecer la autoridad del rey era la reforma de la etiqueta.

Pero la grandeza española se resistió a estos cambios. Opuso una tenaz lucha contra las reformas de Felipe V, dispuesta a no ceder sin resistencia ni uno solo de sus privilegios cerca de la persona del rey (Gómez-Centurión, 1996, p.988).

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The Burgundian label, implanted in Spain since 1548, was inflexible and oppressive, but known and respected by the entire court. It fixed the ceremonial of all the acts for each person including the monarch. All rights and privileges were regulated and the main beneficiaries were the great ones. The label assured them not only the proximity to the monarch, from which countless benefits and honors are derived, but also a very important political role. It can be said that they were the owners of the court, and unlike the French, the Spanish court presented itself as a great oligarchy (Bottineau, p.132).

With the arrival of the Bourbon dynasty in Spain the Burgundian label did not disappear, but very important transformations took place through small but continuous provisions of clear French influence in the different regulations that were issued and in the ceremonies that were established to the liking of the court of Versailles.

Felipe V came to the Spanish throne under the tutelage of his grandfather, the Sun King. Louis XIV considered that the decline of the Spanish monarchy and the lack of authority of the king were a consequence of the Burgundian label, which led to excessive invisibility that isolated the monarch and subjected him to a confinement, watched over by the greats who increased their power over him. He considered that the only way to restore the king's authority was to reform the label.

But Spanish greatness resisted these changes. She opposed a tenacious fight against the reforms of Felipe V, willing not to yield without resistance not a single one of his privileges near the person of the king (Gómez-Centurión, 1996, p.988).