El apego en la vejez, una dimensión a tener en cuenta
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https://doi.org/10.5944/ap.17.2.29838Palabras clave:
teoría del apego, vejez, enfermedad, regulación emocionalResumen
La teoría del apego aporta un marco nuevo para la comprensión de la vejez. Por sus características de respuesta de activacion automática ante cualquier situación percibida como amenazante, el apego es un constructo especialmente importante en la vejez. Se postula el apego como el factor precursor de la regulación emocional del anciano, por su automatismo, estabilidad en el ciclo vital y conexión con mecanismos biológicos básicos de la ansiedad. Los apegos resistentes actúan en la vejez produciendo respuestas de extrema dependencia y sufrimiento; y los tipos evitativos activan una independencia excesiva, que impide el autocuidado y la percepción de riesgo. Ademas los problemas de salud propios de la vejez, se agravan en los sujetos con apego inseguro, creando una mayor vulnerabilidad a la enfermedad por los procesos biológicos de tipo inflamatorio y cardiaco, subyacentes a este tipo de apegos. Más de la mitad de la población mayor puede considerarse población de riesgo, debido a la presencia de apegos inseguros. A través de la teoria del apego se pueden comprender las reacciones de las personas mayores sometidas a tensión e intervenir de un modo ajustado, pues esta perspectiva se convierte en moduladora y novedosa para la comprensión del envejecimiento patológico y saludable.
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