Uso de servicios de atención psicológica en jóvenes del sistema de protección y justicia juvenil: Un estudio exploratorio
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5944/rppc.29859Abstract
Use of psychological care services in young people from the juvenile justice and protection system: An exploratory study
Abstract: The objective was to identify the factors associated (i.e., demographic and clinical) with the use of mental health services in adolescents involved in the juvenile protection and justice system in Catalonia, Spain. The sample consisted of 227 adolescents, aged 12 to 17 years. Apart from gathering sociodemographic and treatment information the Youth Self Report was administered to assess psychopathological symptoms. The results showed that 54.2% of participants indicated that they were receiving psychological care. The regression analysis indicated that being younger, being involved in the protection system and presenting higher levels of transgressive behaviors predicted greater use of mental health services. There was no association with any of the internalizing problems. Since referral is the initial step towards using the mental health service, it is important that professionals receive the necessary training to carefully assess the young people under their care and refer them to the correspondent health services.
Keywords: Adolescence; service use; juvenile justice; child protection; psychopathology.
Resumen: El objetivo fue identificar los factores asociados (i.e, demográficos y clínicos) con el uso de servicios de atención psicológica en adolescentes atendidos por el sistema de protección y justicia juvenil en Cataluña, España. Participaron 227 adolescentes, de 12 a 17 años. Además de obtener datos sociodemográficos y sobre la atención psicológica, se administró el Youth Self Report para evaluar la sintomatología psicopatológica. Un 54.2 % de los adolescentes indicó estar recibiendo atención psicológica. El análisis de regresión indicó que ser más joven, estar en el sistema de protección y presentar niveles superiores de conductas trasgresoras predijeron un mayor uso de servicios de atención psicológica. No hubo asociación con ninguno de los problemas de internalización. Dado que la derivación es el paso inicial para la utilización del servicio de salud mental, es importante que los trabajadores reciban la capacitación necesaria para evaluar cuidadosamente y derivar a los jóvenes bajo su cuidado a los servicios de salud necesarios.
Palabras clave: Adolescencia; uso de servicio; justicia juvenil; protección infantil; psicopatología.
Downloads
References
Abdullah, T., y Brown, T. L. (2011). Mental illness stigma and ethnocultural beliefs, values, and norms: An integrative review. Clinical Psychology Review, 31(6), 934-948. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2011.05.003
Achenbach, T. M. (1982). Developmental psychopathology. Nueva York: John Wiley & Sons.
Achenbach, T. M., y Rescorla, L. A. (2001). Manual for the ASEBA School-Age Forms & Profiles. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth, & Families.
Achenbach, T. M., y Rescorla, L. A. (2014). Multicultural Guide for the ASEBA Forms and Profiles for Ages 1½-59. Burlington: University of Vermont. Research Center for Children, Youth, and Families.
Beaudry, G., Yu, R., Långström, N., y Seena Fazel, F. (2020). Mental disorders among adolescents in juvenile detention and correctional facilities: An updated systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2020.01.015
Bos, K., Zeanah, C., Fox, N., Drury, S., McLaughlin, K., y Nelson, C. (2011). Psychiatric outcomes in young children with a history of institutionalization. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 19, 1. https://doi.org/10.3109/10673229.2011.549773
Burns, B. J., Phillips, S. D., Wagner, H. R., Barth, R. P., Kolko, D. J., Campbell, Y., y Landsverk, J. (2004). Mental health need and access to mental health services by youths involved with child welfare: A national survey. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 43(8), 960-970. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.chi.0000127590.95585.65
Burke, J. D., Mulvey, E. P., y Schubert, C. A. (2015). Prevalence of mental health problems and service use among first-time juvenile offenders. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(12), 3774-3781. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-015-0185-8
Bronsard, G., Alessandrini, M., Fond, G., Loundou, A., Auquier, P., Tordjman, S., y Boyer, L. (2016). The prevalence of mental disorders among children and adolescents in the child welfare system: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine, 95(7), e2622. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000002622
Bronsard, G., Lançon, C., Loundou, A., Auquier, P., Rufo, M., y Siméoni, M. C. (2011). Prevalence rate of DSM mental disorders among adolescents living in residential group homes of the French Child Welfare System. Children and Youth Services Review, 33(10), 1886-1890. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.05.014
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral science (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Cardo, E., Servera, M., y Llobera, J. (2007). Estimación de la prevalencia del trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad en población normal de la isla de Mallorca. Revista de Neurología, 44(1), 10-14.
Catalá-López, F., Hutton, B., Núñez-Beltrán, A., Page, M. J., Ridao, M., Macías Saint-Gerons, D., ... Moher, D. (2017). The pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: a systematic review with network meta-analyses of randomised trials. PloS one, 12(7), e0180355. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0180355
Col·legi Oficial de Psicologia de Catalunya (2015). Codi Deontotògic del Col·legi Oficial de Psicologia de Catalunya. Recuperado de https://www.copc.cat/adjuntos/adjunto_188/v/Codi%20deontol%C3%B2gic%20del%20COPC.pdf?tm=1524062657
Compas, B. E., Jaser, S. S., Bettis, A. H., Watson, K. H., Gruhn, M. A., Dunbar, J. P., Williams, E., y Thigpen, J. C. (2017). Afrontamiento, regulación de las emociones y psicopatología en la infancia y la adolescencia: un metaanálisis y revisión narrativa. Psychological Bulletin, 143 (9), 939-991. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000110
Cho, H., Kim, I., y Velez-Ortiz, D. (2014). Factors associated with mental health service use among Latino and Asian Americans. Community Mental Health Journal, 50(8), 960-967. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-014-9719-6
Copeland, W. E., Shanahan, L., Costello, E. J., y Angold, A. (2009). Childhood and adolescent psychiatric disorders as predictors of young adult disorders. Archives of general psychiatry, 66(7), 764-772. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.85
Ford, T., Hamilton, H., Meltzer, H., y Goodman, R. (2008). Predictors of service use for mental health problems among British schoolchildren. Child & Adolescent Mental Health, 13, 32-40. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-3588.2007.00449.x
Hazen, A. L., Hough, R. L., Landsverk, J. A., y Wood, P. A. (2004). Use of mental health services by youths in public sectors of care. Mental Health Services Research, 6(4), 213-226. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:MHSR.0000044747.54525.36
Hurlburt, M. S., Leslie, L. K., Landsverk, J., Barth, R. P., Burns, B. J., Gibbons, R. D., ... Zhang, J. (2004). Contextual predictors of mental health service use among children opento child welfare. Archives of General Psychiatry, 61(12), 1217-1224. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.61.12.1217
Inglés, C. J., Martínez-Monteagudo, M. C., Delgado, B., Torregrosa, M. S., Redondo, J., Benavides, G., ... García-López, L. J. (2008). Prevalencia de la conducta agresiva, conducta prosocial y ansiedad social en una muestra de adolescentes españoles: un estudio comparativo. Infancia y aprendizaje, 31(4), 449-461. https://doi.org/10.1174/021037008786140968
Ivanova, M. Y., Achenbach, T. M., Rescorla, L. A., Dumenci, L., Almqvist, F., Bilenburg, N. N., … Verhulst, F. C. (2007). The generalizability of the Youth Self-Report syndrome structure in 23 countries. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 75(5), 729-738. https://doi/10.1037/0022-006X.75.5.729
Janssens, A., y Deboutte, D. (2010). Psychopathology among children and adolescents in child welfare: a comparison across different types of placement in Flanders, Belgium. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 64(4), 353-359. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.2008.086371
Johnson, R., Browne, K., y Hamilton-Giachritsis, C. (2006). Young children in institutional care a risk of harm. Trauma, Violence & Abuse, 7(1), 34-60. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838005283696
Kim, M., Garcia, A. R., Yang, S., y Jung, N. (2018). Area-socioeconomic disparities in mental health service use among children involved in the child welfare system. Child Abuse & Neglect, 82, 59-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.05.018
Kolko, D. J., Hurlburt, M. S., Zhang, J., Barth, R. P., Leslie, L. K., y Burns, B. J. (2010). Posttraumatic stress symptoms in children and adolescents referred for child welfare investigation. A national sample of in-home and out-of-home care. Child Maltreatment, 15(1), 48-63. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559509337892
Leslie, L. K., Hurlburt, M. S., Landsverk, J., Barth, R., y Slymen, D. J. (2004). Outpatient mental health services for children in foster care: A national perspective. Child Abuse & Neglect, 28(6), 697-712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2004.01.004
Liebenberg, L., y Ungar, M. (2014). A comparison of service use among youth involved with juvenile justice and mental health. Children and Youth Services Review, 39, 117-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.02.007
Lyons, J. S., Royce Baerger, D., Quigley, P., Erlich, J., y Griffin, E. (2001). Mental health service needs of juvenile offenders: A comparison of detention, incarceration, and treatment settings. Children's Services: Social Policy, Research, and Practice, 4(2), 69-85. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15326918CS0402_2
Pinto-Cortez, C., Pereda, N., y Álvarez-Lister, M. S. (2018). Child victimization and poly-victimization in a community sample of adolescents in northern Chile. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 27(9), 983-1002. https://doi.org/10.1080/10926771.2017.1410748
Polanczyk, G. V., Willcutt, E. G., Salum, G. A., Kieling, C., y Rohde, L. A. (2014). ADHD prevalence estimates across three decades: An updated systematic review and meta-regression analysis. International Journal of Epidemiology, 43(2), 434-442. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyt261
Rickwood, D. J., Deane, F. P., y Wilson, C. J. (2007). When and how do young people seek professional help for mental health problems?. Medical Journal of Australia,187(S7), S35-S39. https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2007.tb01334.x
Rodríguez Molinero, L., López Villalobos, J. A., Garrido Redondo, M., Sacristán Martín, A. M., Martínez Rivera, M. T., y Ruiz Sanz, F. (2009). Estudio psicométrico-clínico de prevalencia y comorbilidad del trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad en Castilla y León (España). Pediatría Atención Primaria, 11(42), 251-270. ISSN: 1139-7632. Disponible en: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=3666/366638711006
Ryan, S. M., Toumbourou, J. W., y Jorm, A. F. (2014). Factors associated with service use for young adolescents with mental health problems: Findings from an Australian longitudinal study. SAGE open, 4(4), 1- 9. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244014556286
Sainero, A., Bravo, A., y Del Valle, J. F. (2013). Examining needs and referrals to mental health services for children in residential care in Spain: An empirical study in an autonomous community. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders,22(1),16-26. https://doi.org/10.1177/1063426612470517
Siu, A. (2008). A prevalence study on internalizing problems among primary school children in Hong Kong. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 17 (6), 779-790. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-008-9189-y
Spencer, M. S., Chen, J., Gee, G. C., Fabian, C. G., y Takeuchi, D. T. (2010). Discrimination and mental health–related service use in a national study of Asian Americans. American Journal of Public Health, 100(12), 2410-2417. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2009.176321
Verhulst, F. C., y Van Der Ende, J. A. N. (1997). Factors associated with child mental health service use in the community. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 36(7), 901-909. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199707000-00011
Villagrana, M. (2010). Mental health services for children and youth in the child welfare system: A focus on caregivers as gatekeepers. Children and Youth Services Review, 32, 691- 697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.01.005
World Medical Association (WMA) (2008). Ethical principles for medical research in- volving human subjects. Adopted by the 59th WMA general assembly. (Seoul, Korea). Retrieved from http://www.wma.net/.www.ahda.org/downloads/ISSBD2006Gartland. pdf.
Whitted, K., Delavega, E., y Lennon-Dearing, R. (2013). The youngest victims of violence: Examining the mental health needs of young children who are involved in the child welfare and juvenile justice systems. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 30, 181-195. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-012-0286-9
Yampolskaya, S., Sharrock, P. J., Clark, C., y Hanson, A. (2017). Utilization of mental health services and mental health status among children placed in out-of-home care: A parallel process latent growth modeling approach. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 48(5), 728-740. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-016-0699-3
Zubeidat, I., Fernández-Parra, A., Ortega1, J., Vallejo, M. A., y Sierra, J. C. (2009). Características psicosociales y psicopatológicas en una muestra de adolescentes españoles a partir del Youth Self-Report/11-18. Anales de Psicología, 25 (1), 60-69. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.25.1.71501bu
Zwaanswijk, M., Van Der Ende, J. A. N., Verhaak, P. F., Bensing, J. M., y Verhulst, F. C. (2003). Factors associated with adolescent mental health service need and utilization. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 42(6), 692-700. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CHI.0000046862.56865.B7
