The Technopolitics of Mapping Dar es Salaam: An examination of the technological and political motivations of the Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team
La tecnopolítica de la cartografía de Dar es Salaam: Un examen de las motivaciones tecnológicas y políticas del equipo humanitario OpenStreetMap
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5944/etfvi.14.2021.30644Palabras clave:
Mapeo participativo; desarrollo internacional; OpenStreetMap; Dar es SalaamResumen
La creación de mapas ha sido durante mucho tiempo una parte fundamental del trabajo de desarrollo, desde el registro de encuestas de los hogares, los ejercicios de cartografía participativa hasta proyectos de Valoración Rural Participativa (VRP). Ahora el sector está lleno de nuevos actores – empresas de cartografía y tecnología. así como Organizaciones No Gubernamentales, que realizan el seguimiento mediante drones e imágenes de satélite, junto con el empleo de métodos más tradicionales. Muchos de estos nuevos actores nacieron de ONGs y compañías que se iniciaron como ‘cartógrafos de crisis’. Los proyectos de ‘cartografía de crisis’ a corto plazo se han convertido en una parte habitual de la respuesta humanitaria tras una catástrofe. La naturaleza a corto plazo de estas acciones, y la necesidad de obtener un empleo o beneficios estables, ha llevado a una tendencia creciente para que las mismas organizaciones y empresas permanezcan sobre el terreno elaborando mapas o se desplacen a otras zonas como parte de una práctica cartográfica preventiva, insertándose en el ecosistema más amplio del desarrollo internacional. Esta investigación, centrada en Tanzania, examina como HOTOSM ha intentado hacer un giro para trabajar como una organización de desarrollo que crea mapas para la prevención de crisis, pero también resultados socio-económicos más amplios. La investigación utilizó entrevistas para explorar la interacción entre la tecnología y la micro/macro política en torno a la cartografía de Dar es Salaam. Se examinó como HOTOSM desempeña su papel, y como se posiciona en la elaboración de mapas en el contexto de Dar es Salaam. Los hallazgos sugieren que HOTOSM sigue estando poco desarrollada como organización y carece de la madurez necesaria para crear verdaderos modelos de trabajo participativos.
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
