Internal Displacement of the Ukrainians. Migration towards Moldova, Romania and Bulgaria
Desplazamiento Interno de los Ucranianos. Migración hacia Moldavia, Rumanía y Bulgaria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5944/etfvi.16.2023.37182Palabras clave:
Ucrania; Moldavia; Rumanía; Bulgaria; Conflicto armado; Refugiados; Desplazamiento; Integración y AdaptaciónResumen
La evolución de la crisis migratoria y de refugiados en Ucrania y en varios países europeos, debido al conflicto armado iniciado el 24 de febrero de 2022 es un tema relevante en la actualidad. Este reciente evento migratorio a gran escala se reflejó en una grave crisis humanitaria y en enormes flujos migratorios dentro de Ucrania y hacia Europa. Con el objetivo de ver la magnitud del fenómeno migratorio y sus consecuencias, se ha investigado la migración interna en Ucrania y hacia tres países de Europa del Este: Moldavia, Rumanía y Bulgaria, durante los primeros meses posteriores a la invasión rusa. Todos estos países dieron la bienvenida a la mayor ola de refugiados en su historia reciente y trataron de adaptar sus políticas para una integración exitosa de los refugiados ucranianos en su mercado laboral y sus sociedades. El uso de una metodología de análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo basada en varias fuentes de datos oficiales, así como el análisis de entrevistas con refugiados ucranianos durante el trabajo de campo en Bulgaria, confirman estos hallazgos, afirmando sin embargo que aún existen problemas para una mejor integración debido principalmente a razones económicas y burocráticas. Se han discutido algunas propuestas para mejorar esta situación.
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