From Pariah to Indispensable Ally: Pakistan and the United States during the Carter Administration, 1977-1981
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5944/etfv.34.2022.33328Keywords:
Jimmy Carter; Bhutto; Zia; Pakistan; United States; Cold War; Soviet Union; Afghanistan; Nuclear ProliferationAbstract
The relationship between Pakistan and the United States reached its lowest point during the years of the Carter administration (1977-1981). Determined to put human rights and the struggle against nuclear proliferation at the forefront of his foreign policy, Carter immediately collided with the determination of Pakistani authorities to avoid any concessions to the new demands from Washington. Carter’s idealism sought to bury Nixon’s and Kissinger’s realism and open a new chapter in the relationship between the United States and the world. But the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan brought an abrupt change to Carter’s agenda and strengthened Islamabad’s hand in its relationship with Washington.
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Digital National Security Archive (DNSA). https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/digital-national-security-archive
Jimmy Carter Presidential Library (JCPL), Atlanta, Georgia, Estados Unidos.
National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), College Park, Maryland, Estados Unidos.
CIA Library, Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Electronic Reading Room. https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/home
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