'Présbeis Autokrátores' in the Ancient Mediterranean: Carthage
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5944/etfii.37.2024.40025Keywords:
Plenipotentiaries; Punic diplomacy; Battle of Himera; Third Punic War; Council of EldersAbstract
The present study focuses on analyzing cases where Carthaginian ambassadors are described as autokrátores. It proposes a detailed investigation of these examples compared to the available data on this issue in the Greek world, where this topic is more widely recognized, albeit not without debate. Through a comprehensive examination of literary evidence conclusions will be drawn regarding this figure in Carthage and its potential equivalence with analogous roles found in the Hellenic sphere.
Downloads
References
Adcock, Frank E: «Delenda est Carthago», CJH, 8, (1946), pp. 117-128.
Barceló, Pedro, «Punic Politics, Economy and Alliances, 218-201 B.C.», en Hoyos, Dexter: A Companion to The Punic Wars, Oxford, Wiley-Blackwell, 2011, pp. 357-375.
Bederman, David J.: International Law in Antiquity, New York, Cambridge University Press, 2001.
Blázquez Martínez, José M.ª; Alvar Ezquerra, Jaime; González Wagner, Carlos: Fenicios y cartagineses en el Mediterráneo, Madrid, Cátedra, 1999.
Balasch Recort, Manuel: «Polibio. Historias. Libros XV-XXXIX», Biblioteca Clásica Gredos 58, Madrid, Editorial Gredos, 1983.
Braccesi, Lorenzo; Millino, Giovanni: La Sicilia greca, Roma, Carocci Editore, 2000.
Campbell, Brian: «Diplomacy in the Roman world (c.500 BC‐AD 235)», Diplomacy and Statecraft, 12 (2001), pp. 1-21.
Domínguez Monedero, Adolfo: «Cartago y Sicilia durante los siglos VI y V a.C.», Mainake, XXXII/2 (2010), pp. 735-759.
Dridi, Hédi: «Early Carthage: from its foundation to the battle of Himera (ca. 814–480 bce)», en Doak, Brian R. y López-Ruiz, Carolina: The Oxford Handbook of the Phoenician and Punic Mediterranean, Oxford Handbooks, 2019, pp. 140-154.
Fumadó Ortega, Iván: «Uno de los nuestros. Redes aristocráticas e institucionalización del poder en Cartago durante los siglos VI-V a.C.», Gerión, 31 (2013), pp. 117-146. Recuperado de: https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/GERI/article/view/43615
García Riaza, Enrique y Sanz, Anthony-Marc: «Estudio introductorio. Entre la adhesión y la sumisión: los pueblos de Occidente ante el pragmatismo romano», en García Riaza, Enrique y Sanz, Anthony-Marc: In fidem venerunt. Expresiones de sometimiento a la República Romana en Occidente, Madrid, Dykinson, 2019, pp. 9-26.
Geus, Klaus: «Prosopographie Der Literarisch Bezeugten Karthager», Orientalia Lovainesa Analecta 59, Leuven, Peeters uitgeverij, 1994.
Goldsworthy, Adrien: The Fall of Carthage. The Punic Wars 265-146 BC, London, Cassell, 2000.
González Wagner, Carlos, «El sufetato de Aníbal», en Remedios, Sergio; Bermejo, Jesús; Prados, Fernando: Aníbal de Cartago. Historia y mito, Madrid, Polifemo, 2012.
Harris, Edward: «Presbeis Autokratores: A Study in Ancient Greek Diplomacy and Constitutional Law», Klio, 105/2 (2023), pp. 510-537. Recuperado de: https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/klio-2022-0031/html
Heuss, Alfred: Abschluss und Beurkundung des griechischen und römischen Staatsvertrages, Darmstadt, WBG, 1971.
Hoyos, Dexter: «Barcid Proconsuls and Punic Politics, 237-218 B.C.», Rhenisches Museum für Philologie, 137 (1994), pp. 246-272.
Hoyos, Dexter: Hannibal’s Dynasty: Power and Politics in the Western Mediterranean, 247-183 BC, London, Routledge, 2003.
Hoyos, Dexter: Mastering the West. Rome and Carthage at War, New York, Oxford University Press, 2015.
Hoyos, Dexter: Carthage’s Other Wars: Carthaginian Warfare Outside the ‘Punic Wars’ Against Rome, Philadelphia, Pen & Sword Books Military, 2019.
Kienast, Dietmar: «Presbeia», RE, XIII (1973), pp. 499-628.
Krings, Véronique: «Carthage et les Grecs C. 580-480 av. J-C.», Textes et histoire 13, Leiden, Brill, 1998.
Lancel, Serge: Cartago, Barcelona, Editorial Crítica, 1994.
Lazenby, John F.: The First Punic War. A military history, London, UCL Press, 1996.
Le Bohec, Yann: «The Third Punic War. The Siege of Carthage (148-146 BC)», en Hoyos, Dexter: A Companion to The Punic Wars, Oxford, Wiley-Blackwell, 2011, pp. 430-446.
Limonier, Fabien: «Rome et la destruction de Carthage: un crime gratuit?», REA, 101 (1999), pp. 405-411.
Magnetto, Anna: «Ambasciatori plenipotenziari delle città greche in età classica ed ellenistica: terminologia e prerogative, en Mari, Manuela y Thornton, John: Parole in movimento. Linguaggio politico e lessico storiografico nel mondo ellenistico. Atti del Convegno Internazionale, Roma, Fabrizio Serra Editore, 2013, pp. 221-241.
Miles, Richard: Carthage Must Be Destroyed. The Rise and Fall of an Ancient Civilization, London, Penguin Books, 2012.
Missiou-Ladi, Anna: «Coercitive Diplomacy in Greek Interstate Relations», CQ, 37, (1987), pp. 336-345.
Mosley, Derek J.: Envoys and Diplomacy in Ancient Greece, Wiesbaden, Franz Steiner Verlag, 1973.
Orlando, Bartolina, «La rappresentazione storica e simbolica della battaglia di Himera nelle pagine di Diodoro Siculo e nelle tele ad olio di Giuseppe Sciuti», Kokalos, LIX (2022), pp. 349-361.
Prag, Jonathan W.; Quinn, Josephine C. (eds.): The Hellenistic West. Rethinking the Ancient Mediterranean, Cambridge University Press, 2013.
Piccirilli, Luigi: L’invenzione della diplomazia nella Grecia antica, Roma, L’Erma di Bretschneider, 2002.
Poland, Franz: De legationibus Graecorum publicis, Leipzig, Teubner, 1885.
Ponwall, Frances: «Presbeis Autokratores: Andocides’ De Pace», Phoenix, 49 (1995), pp. 140-149.
Rosselló Calafell, Gabriel: «La Comisión de los Treinta: ¿un instrumento excepcional de la diplomacia cartaginesa?», SHHA, 38 (2020), pp. 5-19. Recuperado de: https://revistas.usal.es/uno/index.php/0213-2052/article/view/shha202038519
Rosselló Calafell, Gabriel: Relaciones exteriores y praxis diplomática cartaginesa. El período de las guerras púnicas, Zaragoza/Sevilla, Libera Res Publica, 2023.
Rosselló Calafell, Gabriel: «Aníbal y la diplomacia desde la perspectiva romana. Un líder sobredimensionado», SHHA, 41, (2023), pp. 1-25.
Santos, Privitera: «La corona di Damarete (Diod. XI 26,3): per una storia de la tradizione», Kokalos, 46, (2000), pp. 465-483.
Stylianou, Panico: A Historical Commentary on Diodorus Siculus. Book 15, Oxford Clarendon Press, 1998.
Walbank, Frank W.: A Historical Commentary on Polybius, Vol. I, Oxford Clarendon Press, 1957.
Xella, Paolo; Quinn, Josephine; Melchiorri, Valentina; van Dommelen, Peter: «Cementery or sacrifice? Infant burials at the Carthage Tophet», Antiquity, 87 (2013), pp. 1199-1207.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
