Análisis de la relación entre la triada oscura y estrategias de retención en relaciones románticas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5944/rppc.29758Agencias Financiadoras:
Proyecto USA 1799 – VRIDEI 031993FT-PAP, Universidad de Santiago de ChileResumen
Analysis of the association between the dark triad and retention strategies in romantic relationships
Abstract: The present study assessed the fit of an explanatory model of partner retention strategies used by men and women in each of the profiles that make up the dark triad of personality in their long-term romantic relationships. Participants were 324 men and 370 women of Chilean nationality. All of them were in a stable relationship. Through an explanatory design with observable variables, we could demonstrate that narcissism would tend to the use of retention tactics that benefit the partner, while Machiavellianism would use a combination of beneficial and costly tactics. Psychopathy would be the most aggressive profile of the triad, using tactics that entail costs for the partner, even going as far as exercising sexual coercion. These results are similar in men and women. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed and new lines of research are suggested.
Keywords: Machiavellianism; narcissism; psychopathy; mate retention tactics; sexual coercion.
Resumen: El presente estudio evaluó el ajuste de un modelo explicativo de las estrategias de retención de pareja que utilizan hombres y mujeres en cada uno de los perfiles que componen la triada oscura de personalidad en sus relaciones románticas a largo plazo. Participaron en este estudio 324 hombres y 370 mujeres de nacionalidad chilena. Todos ellos presentaban una relación de pareja estable. A través de un diseño explicativo con variables observables, se evidencia que el narcisismo tendería a la utilización de tácticas de retención que confieren beneficios a la pareja; mientras que el maquiavelismo utilizaría combinadamente tácticas beneficiosas y costosas. La psicopatía sería el perfil más agresivo de la triada, utilizando tácticas que infringen costes a la pareja, llegando incluso a ejercer coerción sexual. Estos resultados son similares en hombres y mujeres. Se discuten las implicaciones teóricas y prácticas de estos resultados y se sugieren nuevas líneas de investigación.
Palabras clave: Maquiavelismo; narcisismo; psicopatía; tácticas de retención de pareja; coerción sexual.
Descargas
Citas
Abell, L., & Brewer, G. (2016). Machiavellianism, perceived quality of alternative mates, and resistance to mate guarding. Personality and Individual Differences, 101, 236-239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.06.013
Adams, H. M., Luevano, V. X., & Jonason, P. K. (2014). Risky business: Willingness to be caught in an extra-pair relationship, relationship experience, and the Dark Triad. Personality and Individual Differences, 66, 204–217. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.01.008
Adams-Curtis, L. E., & Forbes, G. B. (2004). College women's experiences of sexual coercion: A review of cultural, perpetrator, victim, and situational variables. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 5(2), 91–122. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838003262331
Arnocky, S. (2016). Intrasexual rivalry among women. In T. K. Shackelford & V. A. Weekes-Shackelford (Eds.), Encyclopedia of evolutionary psychological science (pp. 1–8). Berlin, Germany: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_1424-1.
Atari, M., Barbaro, N., Shackelford, T. K., & Chegeni, R. (2017). Psychometric evaluation and cultural correlates of the Mate Retention Inventory–Short Form (MRI-SF) in Iran. Evolutionary Psychology, 15(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474704917695267
Ayán, M. N. R., & Díaz, M. Á. R. (2008). Atenuación de la asimetría y de la curtosis de las puntuaciones observadas mediante transformaciones de variables: Incidencia sobre la estructura factorial [The reduction of skewness and kurtosis of observed variables by data transformation: Effect on factor structure]. Psicológica, 29(2), 205–227. https://www.uv.es/revispsi/articulos2.08/6RODRIGUEZ.pdf
Back M.D. (2018) The Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Concept. In: Hermann A., Brunell A., Foster J. (eds) Handbook of Trait Narcissism. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92171-6_6
Black, P. J., Woodworth, M., & Porter, S. (2014). The Big Bad Wolf? The relation between the Dark Triad and the interpersonal assessment of vulnerability. Personality and Individual Differences, 67, 52–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.10.026
Brewer, G., & Abell, L. (2015). Machiavellianism in long-term relationships: Competition, mate retention and sexual coercion. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 56, 357-362. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12200
Brewer, G., & Abell, L. (2017). Machiavellianism, Relationship Satisfaction, and Romantic Relationship Quality. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 13(3), 491-502. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v13i3.1217
Bushman, B. J., Bonacci, A. M., van Dijk, M., & Baumeister, R. F. (2003). Narcissism, sexual refusal, and aggression: Testing a narcissistic reactance model of sexual coercion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(5), 1027–1040. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.84.5.1027
Buss, D. M. (1988). From vigilance to violence: Tactics of mate retention in American undergraduates. Ethology & Sociobiology, 9(5), 291–317. https://doi.org/10.1016/0162-3095(88)90010-6
Buss, D. M. (2003). The evolution of desire: Strategies of human mating. New York: Basic Books.
Buss, D. M., & Shackelford, T. K. (1997). Human aggression in evolutionary psychological perspective. Clinical Psychology Review, 17(6), 605–619. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7358(97)00037-8
Buss, D. M., Shackelford, T. K., & McKibbin, W. F. (2008). The Mate Retention Inventory-Short Form (MRI-SF). Personality and Individual Differences, 44(1), 322–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.08.013
Byrne, B. M. (2001). Multivariate applications book series.Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
Camilleri, J. A., & Quinsey, V. L. (2012). Sexual conflict and partner rape. In T. K. Shackleford & A. T. Goetz (Eds.), Oxford library of psychology. The Oxford handbook of sexual conflict in humans (p. 257–268). Oxford University Press.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
Erevik, E. K., Pallesen, S., Andreassen, C. S., Vedaa, Ø., Skogstad, A., Dhir, A., & Torsheim, T. (2020). Demographics, Personality and Substance-Use Characteristics Associated with Forming Romantic Relationships. Evolutionary Psychological Science, 6(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40806-019-00203-2
Fulton, J. J., Marcus, D. K., & Payne, K. T. (2010). Psychopathic personality traits and risky sexual behavior in college students. Personality and Individual Differences, 49(1), 29–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.02.035
Furnham, A., Richards, S. C., & Paulhus, D. L. (2013). The dark triad of personality: A 10 years review. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 7(3), 199–216. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12018
Goetz, A. T., & Shackelford, T. K. (2006). Sexual coercion and forced in-pair copulation as anti-cuckoldry tactics in humans. In S. M. Platek & T. K. Shackelford (Eds.), Female infidelity and paternal uncertainty: Evolutionary perspectives on male anti-cuckoldry tactics (p. 82–99). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511617812.005
Johnson, L. K., Plouffe, R. A., & Saklofske, D. H. (2019). Subclinical sadism and the Dark Triad: Should there be a Dark Tetrad? Journal of Individual Differences, 40, 127-133. https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000284.
Jonason, P. K. (2015). An evolutionary perspective on interpersonal violence: sex differences and personality links. In M. DeLise & M. G. Vaugh (eds), International Handbook of Biosocial Criminology (pp.32-45). New York, NY: Routlegde.
Jonason, P. K., Li, N. P., & Czarna, A. Z. (2013). Quick and dirty: Some psychosocial costs associated with the Dark Triad in three countries. Evolutionary Psychology, 11(1), 172–185. https://doi.org/10.1177/147470491301100116
Jonason, P. K., Lyons, M., Baughman, H. M., & Vernon, P. A. (2014). What a tangled web we weave: The Dark Triad traits and deception. Personality and Individual Differences, 70, 117–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.06.038
Jonason, P. K., Luevano, V. X., & Adams, H. M. (2012). How the Dark Triad traits predict relationship choices. Personality and Individual Differences, 53(3), 180–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2012.03.007
Jones, D. N., & de Roos, M. S. (2017). Machiavellian flexibility in negative mate retention. Personal Relationships, 24(2), 265–279. https://doi.org/10.1111/pere.12181
Jones, D. N., & Figueredo, A. J. (2013). The core of darkness: Uncovering the heart of the Dark Triad. European Journal of Personality, 27(6), 521–531. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.1893
Jones, D. N., & Neria, A. L. (2015). The Dark Triad and dispositional aggression. Personality and Individual Differences, 86, 360–364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid. 2015.06.021.
Jones, D. N., & Paulhus, D. L. (2011). The role of impulsivity in the Dark Triad of personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 51(5), 679–682. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.04.011
Jones, D. N., & Paulhus, D. L. (2014). Introducing the Short Dark Triad: A brief measure of dark personality traits. Assessment, 21(1), 28–41. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191113514105
Jones, D. N., & Weiser, D. A. (2014). Differential infidelity patterns among the Dark Triad. Personality and Individual Differences, 57, 20–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.09.007
Kaighobadi, F., Shackelford, T. K., Popp, D., Moyer, R. M., Bates, V. M., & Liddle, J. R. (2009). Perceived risk of female infidelity moderates the relationship between men’s personality and partner-directed violence. Journal of Research in Personality, 43(6), 1033–1039. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2009.08.001
Kardum, I., Hudek-Knezevic, J., & Mehic, N. (2019). Dark Triad Traits and Mate Retention Behaviors in Romantic Couples: The Actor-Partner Interdependence Model. Evolutionary Psychology, 17(4), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474704919887703
Kiire, S. (2017). Psychopathy rather than Machiavellianism or narcissism facilitates intimate partner violence via fast life strategy. Personality and Individual Differences, 104, 401–406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.08.043
Knight, R. A., & Guay, J.-P. (2006). The Role of Psychopathy in Sexual Coercion against Women. In C. J. Patrick (Ed.), Handbook of psychopathy (p. 512–532). The Guilford Press.
Koladich, S. J., & Atkinson, B. E. (2016). The dark triad and relationship preferences: A replication and extension. Personality and Individual Differences, 94, 253–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.01.023
Lopes, G. S., Holanda, L., DeLecce, T., Holub, A. M., & Shackelford, T. K. (2018). Sexual Coercion, Mate Retention, and Relationship Satisfaction in Brazilian and American Romantic Relationships. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 33(24), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260518821458
Lopes, G. S., Shackelford, T. K., Santos, W. S., Farias, M. G., Segundo, D. S. (2016). Mate Retention Inventory–Short Form (MRI-SF): Adaptation to the Brazilian context. Personality and Individual Differences, 90, 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.10.033
Lyons, M., Houghton, E., Brewer, G., & O’Brien, F. (2020). The Dark Triad and Sexual Assertiveness Predict Sexual Coercion Differently in Men and Women. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260520922346
Massar, K., Winters, C. L., Lenz, S., & Jonason, P. K. (2017). Green-eyed snakes: The associations between psychopathy, jealousy, and jealousy induction. Personality and Individual Differences, 115, 164–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.01.055
Miner, E. J., Starratt, V. G., & Shackelford, T. K. (2009). It's not all about her: Men's mate value and mate retention. Personality and Individual Differences, 47(3), 214–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2009.03.002
O’Boyle, E. H., Forsyth, D., Banks, G. C., Story, P. A., & White, C. D. (2015). A meta-analytic test of redundancy and relative importance of the dark triad and five-factor model of personality. Journal of Personality, 83, 644–664. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12126.
Pailing, A., Boon, J., & Egan, V. (2014). Personality, the Dark Triad and violence. Personality and Individual Differences, 67, 81–86. http://doi-org-443.webvpn.fjmu.edu.cn/10.1016/j.paid.2013.11.018
Paulhus, D. L. (2014). Toward a taxonomy of dark personalities. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 23(6), 421–426. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721414547737
Paulhus, D. L., & Williams, K. M. (2002). The Dark Triad of personality: Narcissism, Machiavellianism and psychopathy. Journal of Research in Personality, 36(6), 556–563. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-6566(02)00505-6
Pozueco, J. M., & Moreno, J. M. (2013). La triada oscura de la personalidad en las relaciones íntimas: Psicopatía, Maquiavelismo, Narcisismo y Maltrato Psicológico [The dark triad of personality in intimate relationships: Psychopathy, Machiavellianism, Narcissism and Psychological Abuse]. Boletín de Psicología, 107, 91-111. https://www.uv.es/seoane/boletin/previos/N107-5.pdf
Sanhueza, T. (2016). Violencia en las relaciones amorosas y violencia conyugal: convergencias y divergencias. Reflexiones para un debate [Violence in love relationships and domestic violence: Convergences and divergences. Reflections for a future discussion]. Última década, 24(44), 133-167. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-22362016000100006
Shackelford, T. K., & Goetz, A. T. (2004). Men’s sexual coercion in intimate relationships: Development and initial validation of the Sexual Coercion in Intimate Relationships Scale. Violence and Victims, 19(5), 541–556. https://doi.org/10.1891/vivi.19.5.541.63681
Shackelford, T. K., & Goetz, A. T. (2006). Comparative evolutionary psychology of sperm competition. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 120(2), 139–146. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7036.120.2.139
Smith, S.G., Zhang, X., Basile, K.C., Merrick, M.T., Wang, J., Kresnow, M., Chen, J. (2018). The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS): 2015 Data Brief – Updated Release. Atlanta, GA: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Webster, G. D., Gesselman, A. N., Crysel, L. C., Brunell, A. B., Jonason, P. K., Hadden, B. W., & Smith, C. V. (2016). An actor–partner interdependence model of the Dark Triad and aggression in couples: Relationship duration moderates the link between psychopathy and argumentativeness. Personality and Individual Differences, 101, 196–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.065.
Wurst, S. N., Gerlach, T. M., Dufner, M., Rauthmann, J. F., Grosz, M. P., Küfner, A. C. P., Denissen, J. J. A., & Back, M. D. (2017). Narcissism and romantic relationships: The differential impact of narcissistic admiration and rivalry. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 112(2), 280–306. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000113
