La protección europea contra las cláusulas abusivas. Directiva 93/13/CEE y su integración en el marco regulatorio español | European protection against unfair clauses. Directive 93/13/EEC and its integration into the spanish legislation.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5944/eeii.vol.7.n.12.2020.27334Keywords:
política de protección de los consumidores, cláusula abusiva, condición general de la contratación, directiva, acción individual, acción colectiva.Abstract
El desarrollo económico global de los años sesenta del siglo pasado, junto con la implantación del mercado común europeo, trajo consigo el incremento de transacciones comerciales entre grandes corporaciones empresariales y los ciudadanos residentes en la Unión europea provocadas por la distribución de bienes y servicios necesarios. Las formas contractuales cambian, y se imponen los contratos de adhesión como la mejor manera de concretar estas nuevas transacciones. La posición predominante del empresario ante el consumidor necesitado de estos bienes y servicios provocó situaciones de abuso que fueron trasladadas a las cláusulas contractuales mermando los derechos básicos de los perceptores de bienes y servicios, esto es, de los ciudadanos europeos. La reacción de las instituciones de gobierno de la Unión Europea no se hizo esperar con la promulgación de resoluciones legales a favor de recomponer el desequilibrio contractual, entre otras, la Directiva 93/13/CEE de obligada incorporación inmediata en los países miembros. En España, esta trasposición de la Directiva se realizó con una doble regulación a través de la Ley de Condiciones Generales de la Contratación que modificó, a su vez la Ley General de defensa de los consumidores. En ambas, se contemplaron instrumentos de defensa procesal a través tanto de acciones individuales como colectivas.
_______________________
The overall economic development of the sixties of the last century, together with the implementation of the European common market, led to the increase in commercial transactions between large business corporations and citizens residing in the European Union caused by the distribution of necessary goods and services. Contractual forms change, and accession contracts are imposed as the best way to implement these new transactions. The predominant position of the employer to the consumer in need of these goods and services caused situations of abuse that were transferred to the contractual clauses, under reducing the basic rights of the recipients of goods and services, that is, of European citizens. The reaction of the governing institutions of the European Union was not expected with the enactment of legal rulings in favour of recomposing the contractual imbalance, inter alia, Directive 93/13/EEC which must be immediately incorporated into the Member States. In Spain, this transposition of the Directive was carried out with a double regulation through the Law on General Conditions of Contract that, in turn, amended the General Law on the Defense of Consumers. Both instruments of procedural defence were envisaged through both individual and collective actions.
Downloads
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
The authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
- The Revista de Estudios Institucionales is distributed under a Creative Creative Commons Reconocimiento NoComercial NoDerivadas (by-nc-nd).
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right to be the first publication of the work as well as licensed under a Share of work license, under conditions of authorship acknowledgment, for non-commercial purposes and without derivative works such as are specified in the license.
- Authors may separately enter into additional agreements for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in the journal (for example, placing it in an institutional repository or publishing it in a book), with an acknowledgment of their initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are allowed and encouraged to disseminate their papers electronically (for example, in institutional repositories or on their own website) before and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges as well as more citation. earliest and largest of published works (See The Effect of Open Access)