Chilean Women Exilied: An Approximation of Gender in the Memories of Exile

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5944/endoxa.44.2019.24388

Keywords:

Exile, Woman, Memory, Chilean Exile, Coup in Chile, Popular Unity, Salvador Allende, Labor Incorporation of Women, Militancias, Political Activism

Abstract

The Chilean exile after the coup d’état that meant the end of the Popular Unity, pushed about 200.000 people abroad between 1973 and 1977 and a total of 400.000 people, considering the end of the sanction in 1988. A third of the exile was constituted by women, who left Chile for countries such as Argentina, Canada, Mexico, Sweden, Norway, France or Spain after suffering persecution, repression, torture and in many cases, prison. This paper analyzes how these women lived in exile alone or with their families, under three thematic axes: the arrival in the host country, the family and affective relationships, and their militancy and political activism.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Carolina Andrea Espinoza Cartes, UNED

Carolina Espinoza is a journalist with a degree in social communication at the Universidad de Concepción (Chile), Master's degree in Economic Information at the Universidad Complutense de Madrid,  Master's Degree in Information Services and New Technologies at  Universidad de Salamanca and Master's degree in Social Anthropology at Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED. Since 2000 she has been living in Madrid, where she has worked as content editor for different Ibero-American Educational Television programs, ATEI and the Audiovisual Media Center of Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED. She is co-author of the documentary "La alegría de los otros" (45 minutes, 2009) about Chilean transition, author of the documentary "El tren popular de la cultura" (60 minutes, 2015) about cultural experience in government of Unidad Popular leaded by Salvador Allende; and co-author of the book "La verdad está en los hechos: 70 años de Radio Cooperativa"(DIP, 2007) about the history of one of the radios that fought against the dictatorship in Chile. She is currently a doctoral student in Anthropology at the UNED, with an investigation about Chilean exile in Spain as a result of the Pinochet dictatorship.

References

Alexiévich, S. (2015) La guerra no tiene rostro de mujer. Barcelona: De Bolsillo.

Bolzman, C. (1993) Exilio, familia y juventud. En: Montupil, Fernando (director) Exilio, derechos humanos y democracia. El exilio chileno en Europa. Santiago de Chile: pp.45-51

Brunet, L. (2018) Ardilla, los hilos rojos de mi memoria. Barcelona:Bubok, 283-287.

Cabrejas, G. (2004) Transformación de la sociedad española desde 1970: Cambios y permanencias en la institución familiar, pp. 5-8.

Eastmond, M.(1997) The dilemas of exile.Chilean refugees in the U.S.A. Estocolmo: Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis.

Horvitz, M. (Ed.) (2017) Exiliados y desterrados del Cono Sur de América 1970-1990. Santiago de Chile: Erdosain, pp.38-56.

Maravall, J. (2012) Las mujeres en la izquierda chilena durante la Unidad Popular y la Dictadura Militar, Tesis doctoral UAM. Madrid.

Pinto, J. ( Ed.) (2005) Cuando hicimos historia.La experiencia de la Unidad Popular. Santiago de Chile:LOM.

Rebolledo, L. (2010) Mujeres exiliadas. Con Chile en la memoria. Santiago de Chile:Universidad de Chile.

Soto, O. (1998) El último día de Salvador Allende. Madrid:País Aguilar.

Stern S. (2001). De la memoria suelta a la memoria emblemática: hacia el recordar y el olvidar como proceso histórico (Chile, 1973-1998) en M. Garcés et. al, compiladores, Memoria para un nuevo siglo. Chile, miradas a la segunda mitad del siglo XX, Santiago de Chile:LOM Ediciones.

VV.AA. (2013) El asilo francés a 40 años del golpe de estado. Santiago de Chile:LOM.

Winn, P. (2013) La revolución chilena. Santiago de Chile: LOM, pp:9-11; 51-60.

Artículos

Bambirra, V. (1971) La mujer chilena en la transición al socialismo. Revista

Punto Final, Santiago de Chile, junio de 1971.

Espinoza, C., (2005) “Chile en el corazón” monográfico Exilio y Retorno de la serie de cuadernos Nosotros los chilenos,

Santiago de Chile:LOM.

Soto, O., "Los valores de Salvador Allende son la antítesis de lo que sucede ahora" Nueva Tribuna.es, 04/09/13 http://goo.gl/qqQvR1

Downloads

Published

2019-12-28

How to Cite

Espinoza Cartes, C. A. (2019). Chilean Women Exilied: An Approximation of Gender in the Memories of Exile. ENDOXA, (44), 155–184. https://doi.org/10.5944/endoxa.44.2019.24388

Issue

No. 44 (2019)

Section

Collective Memories: Policies, Uses and Representations

License

The authors who publish in this journal must agree to the following terms:

  • The authors hold author’s rights and guarantee the journal the right to be the first to publish the work as well as the Creative Commons Attribution License which allows others to share the work as long as they acknowledge the authorship of the work and its initial publication in this journal.
  • The authors can establish, on their own, additional agreements for the non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in the journal (for example, placing it in an institutional repository or publishing it in a book), always acknowledging the initial publication in this journal.
  • The authors are allowed and encouraged to disseminate their work electronically (for example, in institutional repositories or on their own webpages) before and during the submission process, as this can give rise to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and increased citing of the works published (See The Effect of Open Access).