Los intelectuales católicos, del colaboracionismo al antifranquismo, 1951-1969

Abstract

The 1960s and in particular the decade between 1965-1975 is usually cited as the time when Catholic opposition to Franco's regime began to consolidate. This article examines the stages of a long process, starting with the first instance of self-criticism by the church in the 1950s (when Ruiz-Giménez was minister) and a second phase of political self-criticism (1959-1962) which saw a reaction against the paternalism of the regime and proclamations for greater social justice. The third phase is best represented by Ruiz-Giménez and the magazine "Cuadernos para el Diálogo". The article analyses the contributions made by Aranguren e Gacia Escudero and also by the "Conversaciones Católicas Internacionales de San Sebastián", and the first indications of self-criticism in the National-Catholic movement.