Autoritarismo en el sureste asiático: factores internos y contexto internacional
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5944/hdp.41.2023.40328Palabras clave:
Autoritarismo, sureste asiático, regresión democrática, postcolonialismo, Guerra FríaResumen
A pesar de las expectativas generadas por un proceso de modernización política que comenzó en 1986 en Filipinas y continuó en Tailandia e Indonesia en la década siguiente, la democracia en el sureste asiático –una región de más de 650 millones de habitantes con una creciente relevancia económica y geopolítica en la escena global– ha retrocedido desde principios de siglo. Aunque la mitad de sus Estados celebran elecciones regularmente, una «consolidación democrática» está lejos de lograrse. Una extensa literatura académica ha estudiado las causas del fenómeno, pero la atención se ha centrado en factores internos, como la debilidad de las instituciones, las desigualdades sociales, los conflictos étnicos y religiosos, o la falta de consenso sobre la identidad nacional. El objetivo de este artículo es el de añadir otra perspectiva, examinando la interacción entre la trayectoria política de la región y los cambios en la estructura del sistema internacional. Mediante el análisis de cuatro etapas históricas sucesivas, se demuestra cómo las fuerzas externas han constituido una variable adicional que explica la persistencia del autoritarismo.
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
