Fundamentos metodológicos del Análisis Situacional: herramientas relacionales e innovadoras para el análisis crítico de datos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5944/empiria.67.2026.48259Palabras clave:
Análisis Situacional, metodología, investigación cualitativa, análisis de datosResumen
El Análisis Situacional, propuesto por la socióloga Adele Clarke, surge como una metodología derivada de la Teoría Fundamentada, pero con el propósito de ampliar sus herramientas analíticas para abordar la complejidad de los fenómenos sociales. Esta propuesta se distingue por su capacidad para integrar y organizar diversos elementos, relaciones y posiciones que constituyen la situación estudiada, utilizando mapas como herramientas clave. Los mapas no solo permiten la representación visual de las interconexiones dentro de un fenómeno, sino que también facilitan la identificación de factores tanto visibles como ocultos; de esta manera, logra ofrecer una visión integral y matizada de las dinámicas sociales estudiadas. Para proporcionar una descripción completa del AS, se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática en las bases de datos académicas Scopus y Web of Science. En esta búsqueda se seleccionaron 58 textos relevantes, entre los cuales se incluyen libros, capítulos de libros, artículos académicos y reflexiones teóricas. De estos, 17 son publicaciones metodológicas, algunas de las cuales fueron elaboradas por las autoras principales del enfoque teórico-metodológico, quienes sentaron las bases conceptuales del AS. Además, se incluyeron 34 textos empíricos que ilustran aplicaciones del enfoque en distintos contextos de investigación y 7 documentos que contienen conferencias y reflexiones complementarias sobre el tema. El objetivo principal de este ejercicio es proporcionar a los investigadores hispanohablantes una guía clara y accesible sobre el AS, detallando sus componentes esenciales y facilitando su comprensión y aplicación como herramienta que potencia el análisis de datos desde una perspectiva relacional y crítica. A través de este documento, se pretende ofrecer un recurso práctico que no solo explique la estructura metodológica del paquete teórico, sino que también resalte las herramientas analíticas que lo definen. En última instancia, se busca promover la adopción del análisis situacional en investigaciones futuras, contribuyendo al avance de los estudios sociales y científicos.
Situational Analysis (hereafter SA), proposed by sociologist Adele Clarke, emerges as a methodology derived from Grounded Theory (hereafter GT), but with the aim of expanding its analytical tools to address the complexity of social phenomena. This proposal is distinguished by its ability to integrate and organize various elements, relationships, and positions that constitute the studied situation, using maps as key tools. The maps not only allow for the visual representation of interconnections within a phenomenon but also facilitate the identification of both visible and hidden factors; in this way, it offers a comprehensive and nuanced view of the social dynamics under study. To provide a complete description of SA, a systematic review was conducted in the academic databases Scopus and Web of Science. In this search, 58 relevant texts were selected, including books, book chapters, academic articles, and theoretical reflections. Of these, 17 are methodological publications, some of which were written by the main authors of the theoretical-methodological approach who laid the conceptual foundations of SA. Additionally, 34 empirical texts illustrating applications of the approach in various research contexts were included, along with 7 documents containing lectures and complementary reflections on the topic. The main objective of this exercise is to provide Spanish-speaking researchers with a clear and accessible guide on SA, detailing its essential components and facilitating its understanding and application as a tool that enhances data analysis from a relational and critical perspective. Through this document, the aim is to offer a practical resource that not only explains the methodological structure of the theoretical package but also highlights the analytical tools that define it. Ultimately, it seeks to promote the adoption of situational analysis in future research, contributing to the advancement of social and scientific studies.
Descargas
Citas
ADRIAN, S., Y KROLØKKE, C. (2018): “Passport to Parenthood: Reproductive Pathways In and Out of Denmark. NORA”, Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research, 26(2), pp. 112–128. https://doi.org/10.1080/08038740.2018.1457570
ALDRICH, R., Y RUDMAN, D. (2016): “Situational Analysis: A Visual Analytic Approach that Unpacks the Complexity of Occupation”, Journal of Occupational Science, 23(1), pp. 51-66.
ALLEN, L. (2010): “A critique of Four Grounded Theory texts”, Qualitative Report, 15(6), pp. 1606-1620.
ARDILA, E., Y RUEDA, J. (2023): “La saturación teórica en la teoría fundamentada: su delimitación en el análisis de trayectorias de vida de víctimas del desplazamiento forzado en Colombia”, Revista colombiana de sociología, 36(2), pp. 93-114.
BLAHOVÁ, P. (2020): “Preparing young people for leaving children’s homes”, Socialni Prace, 20(4), pp. 35-53.
CAXAJ, C. Y COHEN, A. (2020): “Emerging best practices for supporting temporary migrant farmworkers in Western Canada”, Health and Social Care in the Community, 29(1), pp. 250-258. https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.13088
CHARMAZ, K., Y BELGRAVE, L. (2019): “Thinking About Data with Grounded Theory”, Qualitative Inquiry, 25(8), pp. 743‒753.
CLARKE, A. (2005): Situational analysis: grounded theory after the postmodern turn, Thousand Oaks, California, Sage Publications.
CLARKE, A., FRIESE, C., Y WASHBURN, R. (2015): Situational analysis in practice. Mapping research with Grounded Theory, London, Routledge.
CLARKE, A., WASHBURN, R., Y FRIESE, C. (2018a): Situational Analysis in Practice: Mapping Relationalities Across Disciplines, Los Angeles CA, Sage.
CLARKE, A., WASHBURN, R., Y FRIESE, C. (2018b): “Introducing Situational Analysis”, en Situational Analysis in Practice: Mapping Relationalities Across Disciplines, Los Angeles CA, Sage, pp. 5-36.
CLARKE, A., Y STAR, S. (2008): “The social worlds framework: A theory/methods package”, en The handbook of science and technology studies, Cambridge, MA, MIT Press, pp. 113-138.
DE SHALIT, A., GUTA, A., VAN DER MEULEN, E., LAFOREST, R., Y ORSINI, M. (2023): “Discursive positions on charitable sector advocacy in Canada: a situational analysis”, Critical Policy Studies, 18(2), pp. 227–246.
DELEUZE, G., Y GUATTARI, F. (1987): Mil mesetas: Capitalismo y esquizofrenia, Pre-Textos.
DENZIN, N. (1989): The Research Act: A Theoretical Introduction to Sociological Methods, Chicago, Aldine.
ESTRADA-ACUÑA, R., ARZUAGA, M., GIRALDO, C., Y CRUZ, F. (2021): “Diferencias en el análisis de datos desde distintas versiones de la Teoría Fundamentada”, Revista de Metodología de Ciencias Sociales, (21), pp. 185-229.
EUNICKE, N., MIKATS, J., Y GLOTZ, C. (2023): “Children and Implicated Actors Within Social Worlds/Arenas Maps: Reconsidering Situational Analysis From a Childhood Studies Perspective”, Forum: qualitative sozialforschung, 24(2), pp. 1-24. https://doi.org/10.17169/fqs-24.2.4089
EVANS-JORDAN, S. (2023): “Mapping a Way Into Qualitative Inquiry: Reflections on Learning and Teaching Clarke's Situational Analysis”, Forum: qualitative sozialforschung, 24(2), pp. 1-22. https://doi.org/10.17169/fqs-24.2.4061
FISHER, M. (2014): “PTSD in the U.S. Military and the Politics of Prevalence”, Social Science y Medicine, 115, pp. 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.05.051
FISHER, M. (2022a): “PTSD in the U.S. Military and the Politics of Prevalence”, en (Situational Analysis in Practice: Mapping Relationalities Across Disciplines, Los Angeles CA, Sage, pp. 299-325.
FISHER, M. (2022b): “Reflections on Mapping Discourses of PTSD Prevalence”, en Situational Analysis in Practice: Mapping Relationalities Across Disciplines, Los Angeles CA, Sage, pp.318-317.
FOUCAULT, M. (1979): Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, Harmondsworth, UK, Penguin.
FULTON, J., Y HAYES, C. (2012): “Situational analysis – framing approaches to interpretive inquiry in healthcare research”, International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation, 19(2), pp. 662-669. https://doi.org/10.12968/ijtr.2012.19.12.66
GAGNON, M., JACOB, J. Y HOLMES, D. (2010): “Governing through (in)security: a critical analysis of a fear-based public health campaign”, Critical Public Health, 20(2), pp. 245–256.
GIBBS, A. (2012). El análisis de datos cualitativos en Investigación Cualitativa, Madrid, Morata.
GUALDRÓN, T., DUGARTE, J., NIÑO, F., PINZÓN, C., GONZALEZ, L., SILCA, C., RODRÍGUEZ, D., RUEDA, Y., GARCÍA, C., Y GARCÍA, Y. (2023). “Explorando la realidad del conocimiento, uso y acceso a elementos de higiene menstrual en Bucaramanga: El caso de mujeres y personas menstruantes en situación de vulnerabilidad socioeconómica”, Boletín Redipe, 12(9), pp. 274-291. https://doi.org/10.36260/rbr.v12i9.2015
GLÜCK, S. (2018): “Making energy cultures Visible with situational Analysis”, en Situational Analysis in Practice: Mapping Relationalities Across Disciplines, Los Angeles CA, Sage, pp. 299-325.
GLUMBÍKOVÁ, K., Y MIKULEC, M. (2019): “Participace osob bez domova na tvorbě sociálních politik a jejich nástrojů”, Socialni Prace, 19(5), pp. 31-45.
GLUMBÍKOVÁ, K., Y VÁVROVÁ, S. (2018): “Koncept naděje a žádoucí budoucnosti jako nástroj redukce instrumentální odpovědnosti v individuální plánování v azylových domech v České Republice”, Socialni Prace, 18(5), pp. 52-64.
GOTTWALLES, L. (2023):“Situationsanalytik und Kritische Kriminologie. Mittels der method(olog)ischen Entgrenzung ethnografischer Forschungsdesigns Komplexitäten adressieren”, Kriminologisches Journal, 55(4), pp. 309-330.
GREYSON, D., O’BRIEN, H., Y SHOVELLER, J. (2017) : “Constructing knowledge and ignorance in the social information worlds of young mothers”, Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 24(1), pp. 139-149. https://doi.org/10.1002/pra2.2017.14505401016
GRZANKA, P. (2021): “The shape of knowledge: Situational analysis in counseling psychology research”, Journal of Counseling Psychology, 68(3), pp. 316-330. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000527
HARAWAY, D. (1991): “Situated Knowledges: The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspectives”, en Simians, Cyborgs, and Women: The Reinvention of Nature, New York, Routledge, pp. 183-202.
HARAWAY, D. (2024): “Making Kin with Adele: From Pathologizing in Vienna to Collaborating in Denver”, Science, Technology, & Human Values, 49(6), pp. 1176-1184. https://doi-org.bibliotecavirtual.uis.edu.co/10.1177/01622439241284554
HEIN, N. (2016): “New perspectives on the positioning of parents in children’s bullying at school”, British Journal of Sociology of Education, 38(8), pp. 1125–1138. https://doi.org/10.1080/01425692.2016.1251305
HERDER M., Y BENAVIDES, X. (2024): “‘Our project, your problem?’ A case study of the WHO’s mRNA technology transfer programme in South Africa”, PLOS Global Public, 4(9), pp. 1-30. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0003173
JACOBSON, C. (2015): “The decision making of adolescent mothers during labor and birth”, Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing, 44, pp. 71-72.
JACOBSON, C., ZLATNIK, M., KENNEDY, H., Y LYNDON, A. (2013): “Nurses' Perspectives on the Intersection of Safety and Informed Decision Making in Maternity Care”, JOGNN - Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing, 42(5), pp. 577-587.
KEANE, E., Y THORNBERG, R. (2024): “Grounded theory and constructivist grounded theory in educational research”, en The Routledge International Handbook of Constructivist Grounded Theory in Educational Research, Routledge, pp. 32-61.
KENNEDY, B., Y MOORE, H. (2021): “Grounded Duoethnography: A Dialogic Method for the Exploration of Intuition Through Divergence and Convergence”, Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung, 22(2), pp. 1-23. https://doi.org/10.17169/fqs-22.2.3668
KHANI, H., AHMADY, S., SABET, B., NAMAKI, A., ZANDI, S., Y NIAKAN, S. (2023): “Teaching-learning in clinical education based on epistemological orientations: A multi-method study”, PLoS ONE, 18(11), pp. 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0289150
KIM, J., Y PARK, E. (2024): “Breathing democratic air: North Korean refugees’ journey to sociocultural learning about democracy”, International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, pp. 1–19. https://doi-org.bibliotecavirtual.uis.edu.co/10.1080/09518398.2024.2401330
KISSOVÁ, B., LUKÁŠOVÁ, R., Y TOPINKA, D. (2018): “Institucionální pomoc v oblasti domácího násilí z perspektivy obětí domácího násilí v partnerském vztahu”, Socialni Prace, 18(2), pp. 72-84.
KLING, N. (2023): “Linking Situational Analysis to Architecture and Urbanism. An Interdisciplinary Perspective”, Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung, 24(2), pp. 1 -29. https://doi.org/10.17169/fqs-24.2.4084
KOŠATKOVÁ, M. (2021): “Situační analýza a role diskurzů v sociálněvědním výzkumu”, Sociální Studia/Social Studies, 18(1), pp. 35-52. https://doi.org/10.5817/SOC2021-1-35
LAENUI, P., Y WILLIAMS, I. (2022): “Colonial Regimes of Mental Health, Substance Use, Drug Treatment, and Recovery: A Locally Contextualized, Anticolonial Response”, Contemporary Drug Problems, 49(2), pp. 123-147. https://doi-org.bibliotecavirtual.uis.edu.co/10.1177/00914509221084129
LATOUR, B., Y WOOLGAR, S. (1979). Laboratory Life: The Social Construction of Scientifc Facts, Princeton University Press.
LASHLEY, L. (2021): “Stay in your lane experiences of children with Special Education Needs and/or Disabilities in two mainstream primary schools in Guyana”, International Journal of Inclusive Education, 27(8), pp. 921–971. https://doi-org.bibliotecavirtual.uis.edu.co/10.1080/13603116.2021.1879952
LASHLEY, L. (2023): “The curious gap in the experiences of children with exceptionalities in two mainstream primary schools in postcolonial Guyana”, International Journal of Inclusive Education, pp. 1–23. https://doi-org.bibliotecavirtual.uis.edu.co/10.1080/13603116.2023.2248119
LEGER, M. (2023): “The Same but Different. On the Possibilities of Combining Practice Theory and Situational Analysis”, Forum: qualitative sozialforschung, 24(2), pp. 1-21. https://doi.org/10.17169/fqs-24.2.4044
LEMPINEN, H. (2022a). “At the Margins of the Barents Energyscape”, en Situational Analysis in Practice: Mapping Relationalities Across Disciplines, Los Angeles CA, Sage, pp.215-334.
LEMPINEN, H. (2022b): “Reflections on (Doing) Situational Analysis at the Margins of International Relations”, en Situational Analysis in Practice: Mapping Relationalities Across Disciplines, Los Angeles CA, Sage, pp. 215-334.
MANSTETTEN, R. (2023). “Positionings Towards the ‘Work-Dogma’ from the Margins: Making Sense of Vulnerabilities and Inequalities in the Interview Situation”, Journal of Cultural Analysis and Social Change, 8(2), pp. 1-15. https://doi.org/10.20897/jcasc/14068
MARRES, N. (2020): “For a situational analytics: An interpretative methodology for the study of situations in computational settings”, Big Data & Society, 7(2), pp. 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1177/20539517209495
MEAD, G. (1934): Mind, Self and Society, Chicago, University of Chicago Press.
MILLER, R. (2020): “Out of (Queer/Disabled) Time Temporal Experiences of Disability and LGBTQ+ Identities in U.S. Higher Education”, Critical Education, 11(16), pp. 1-21. https://doi.org/10.14288/ce.v11i16.186495
MILLS, C. (1940): “Situated actions and vocabularies of motive”, American Sociological Review, 5(6), pp. 904–913
MILLS, J., CHAPMAN, Y., BONNER, A., Y FRANCIS, K. (2007): “Grounded theory: A methodological spiral from positivism to postmodernism”, Journal of Advanced Nursing, 58(1), pp. 72-79.
MIRI, K., SABBAGHI, M., MAZLUM, S., Y NAMAZINIA, M. (2023): “The trend of change in the role of pre-hospital emergency medical services in Iran’s healthcare system: a situational analysis”, BMC Emerg Med, 23(1), pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-023-00861-3
NAUGHTON, S., BALDWIN, A., HARVEY, C., Y CAPPER, T. (2024): “The midwifery capabilities theory: How midwives enact woman-centered care to address systemic inequity”, Birth, pp. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1111/birt.12866
NEISSER, F. (2017): “Risikokontroversen: Mobiles Risiko und Notfallorganisation bei Gefahrguttransporten auf der Bahnlinie “betuweroute””, Geographische Zeitschrift, 105(1), pp. 2-29. https://doi.org/10.25162/gz-2017-0001
NESS, O., Y STRONG, T. (2013): “Learning New Ideas and Practices Together: A Cooperative Inquiry”, Journal of Family Psychotherapy, 24(3), pp. 246–260.
NEWBURY, J. (2011): “Situational Analysis: Centerless Systems and Human Service Practices”, Child & Youth Services, 32(2), pp. 88–107.
NOONE, R. (2020): “Right this way: exploring the use of mobile maps in Street-Level wayfinding. Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology”, asis&t, 57(1).
https://doi.org/10.1002/pra2.416
PETRI-PREIS, A. (2022): “Learning trajectories of classical musicians engaging in Musikvermittlung”, Music Education Research, 25(1), pp. 13–23. https://doi-org.bibliotecavirtual.uis.edu.co/10.1080/14613808.2022.2109609
POHLMANN, A. (2020): “From Practices to Situations: Situating Negotiations of Social Practices in a Scottish Community Project”, Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung, 21(3), pp. 1-41. https://doi.org/10.17169/fqs-21.3.3330
REISENHOFER, S., Y SEIBOLD, C. (2013): “Emergency healthcare experiences of women living with intimate partner violence”, Journal of Clinical Nursing, 22(15-16), pp. 2253-2263.
RUIDÍAZ, K., Y CACANTE, J. (2023): “Conceptualización teórica y metodológica del análisis situacional: un enfoque de la teoría fundamentada”, Index de Enfermeria, 32(4). https://doi.org/10.58807/indexenferm20236524
SCACCHI, V. (2023): “Reconceptualising professional learning and development through a Froebelian lens: early childhood educators’ perspectives on professional identities in the UK and Italy, where is the love?”, Early Years, 43(3), pp. 590–605. https://doi-org.bibliotecavirtual.uis.edu.co/10.1080/09575146.2023.2217701
SCHAD-SPINDLER, A., FRIDRIK, S., Y LANDAU-DONNELLY, F. (2023): “Conflictual Consensus in Austrian Cultural Politics: Urban Cultural Policy Research at the Intersection of Agonism and Situational Analysis”, Forum: qualitative sozialforschung, 24(2), pp. 1-22. https://doi.org/10.17169/fqs-24.2.4068
SCHWERTEL, T. (2023): “Adele Clarke meets Donna Haraway: relationale Maps, Werden-mit-anderen und die Bedeutung von Elementen in Situationsanalysen”, Forum: qualitative sozialforschung, 24(2), pp. 1-27. https://doi.org/10.17169/fqs-24.2.4071
ŠIMUKOVIČ, E. (2016): “Battling for 'openness'. applying situational analysis to negotiations between dutch universities and Elsevier”, en Positioning and Power in Academic Publishing: Players, Agents and Agendas, pp. 115-118.
STAR, S. (1989): Regions of the Mind: Brain Research and the Quest for Scientifc Cer tainty, Stanford, CA, Stanford University Press.
STRAUSS, A. (1978): “A Social Worlds Perspective”, en Studies in Symbolic Interaction, pp. 119–128.
STRAUSS, A. (1993): Continual Permutations of Action, New York, Aldine de Gruyter.
THOMAS, W., Y THOMAS, D. (1970): “Situations defined as real are real in their consequences”, en Social psychology through symboli interaction, Waltham, MA, Xerox College Publishing, pp. 154–155.
VÁVROVÁ, S., Y GOJOVÁ, A. (2020): “Emerging models of social work accompanying housing, or how Czech social workers treat homelessness in families with children, while having no legal support”, Socialni Prace, 20(4), pp. 54-70.
WAZINSKI, K., WANKA, A., KYLÉN, M., SLAUG, B., Y SCHMIDT, S. (2023): “Mapping Transitions in the Life Course - An Exploration of Process Ontological Potentials and Limits of Situational Analysis”, Forum: qualitative sozialforschung, 24(2), pp. 1-19. https://doi.org/10.17169/fqs-24.2.4088
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2026 Tatiana Gualdrón Porras, Juan Carlos Aceros, Raquel Méndez Villamizar

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
Los autores que publican en esta revista están de acuerdo con los siguientes términos:a) Los autores conservan los derechos de autor y garantizan a la revista el derecho de ser la primera publicación del trabajo al igual que licenciado bajo una Licencia Internacional Creative Commons CC BY-NC-SA 4.0.
b) Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir electrónicamente las versiones pre-print (versión antes de ser evaluada) y/o post-print (versión evaluada y aceptada para su publicación) de sus obras antes de su publicación, ya que favorece su circulación y difusión más temprana y con ello un posible aumento en su citación y alcance entre la comunidad académica.






