Fundamentos metodológicos del Análisis Situacional: herramientas relacionales e innovadoras para el análisis crítico de datos

Autores/as

  • Tatiana Gualdrón Porras Universidad Industrial de Santander
  • Juan Carlos Aceros Universidad Industrial de Santander
  • Raquel Méndez Villamizar Universidad Industrial de Santander

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5944/empiria.67.2026.48259

Palabras clave:

Análisis Situacional, metodología, investigación cualitativa, análisis de datos

Resumen

El Análisis Situacional, propuesto por la socióloga Adele Clarke, surge como una metodología derivada de la Teoría Fundamentada, pero con el propósito de ampliar sus herramientas analíticas para abordar la complejidad de los fenómenos sociales. Esta propuesta se distingue por su capacidad para integrar y organizar diversos elementos, relaciones y posiciones que constituyen la situación estudiada, utilizando mapas como herramientas clave. Los mapas no solo permiten la representación visual de las interconexiones dentro de un fenómeno, sino que también facilitan la identificación de factores tanto visibles como ocultos; de esta manera, logra ofrecer una visión integral y matizada de las dinámicas sociales estudiadas. Para proporcionar una descripción completa del AS, se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática en las bases de datos académicas Scopus y Web of Science. En esta búsqueda se seleccionaron 58 textos relevantes, entre los cuales se incluyen libros, capítulos de libros, artículos académicos y reflexiones teóricas. De estos, 17 son publicaciones metodológicas, algunas de las cuales fueron elaboradas por las autoras principales del enfoque teórico-metodológico, quienes sentaron las bases conceptuales del AS. Además, se incluyeron 34 textos empíricos que ilustran aplicaciones del enfoque en distintos contextos de investigación y 7 documentos que contienen conferencias y reflexiones complementarias sobre el tema. El objetivo principal de este ejercicio es proporcionar a los investigadores hispanohablantes una guía clara y accesible sobre el AS, detallando sus componentes esenciales y facilitando su comprensión y aplicación como herramienta que potencia el análisis de datos desde una perspectiva relacional y crítica. A través de este documento, se pretende ofrecer un recurso práctico que no solo explique la estructura metodológica del paquete teórico, sino que también resalte las herramientas analíticas que lo definen. En última instancia, se busca promover la adopción del análisis situacional en investigaciones futuras, contribuyendo al avance de los estudios sociales y científicos.

Situational Analysis (hereafter SA), proposed by sociologist Adele Clarke, emerges as a methodology derived from Grounded Theory (hereafter GT), but with the aim of expanding its analytical tools to address the complexity of social phenomena. This proposal is distinguished by its ability to integrate and organize various elements, relationships, and positions that constitute the studied situation, using maps as key tools. The maps not only allow for the visual representation of interconnections within a phenomenon but also facilitate the identification of both visible and hidden factors; in this way, it offers a comprehensive and nuanced view of the social dynamics under study. To provide a complete description of SA, a systematic review was conducted in the academic databases Scopus and Web of Science. In this search, 58 relevant texts were selected, including books, book chapters, academic articles, and theoretical reflections. Of these, 17 are methodological publications, some of which were written by the main authors of the theoretical-methodological approach who laid the conceptual foundations of SA. Additionally, 34 empirical texts illustrating applications of the approach in various research contexts were included, along with 7 documents containing lectures and complementary reflections on the topic. The main objective of this exercise is to provide Spanish-speaking researchers with a clear and accessible guide on SA, detailing its essential components and facilitating its understanding and application as a tool that enhances data analysis from a relational and critical perspective. Through this document, the aim is to offer a practical resource that not only explains the methodological structure of the theoretical package but also highlights the analytical tools that define it. Ultimately, it seeks to promote the adoption of situational analysis in future research, contributing to the advancement of social and scientific studies.

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2026-04-30

Cómo citar

Gualdrón Porras, T., Aceros, J. C., & Méndez Villamizar, R. (2026). Fundamentos metodológicos del Análisis Situacional: herramientas relacionales e innovadoras para el análisis crítico de datos. Empiria. Revista de metodología de ciencias sociales, (67), 169–195. https://doi.org/10.5944/empiria.67.2026.48259

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